Cytokines Genes Polymorphisms and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Izad, Maryam; Vodjgani, Mohammed; Niknam, M H; Amirzargar, Aliakbar; Shahbeigi, Saeed; Heidari, Amir Behzad; Keramatipour, Mohammad

doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e3181cef1a1

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, another study did not find the genetic variation in TGF-β1 as a major factor to susceptibility to MS [100]. In turn, a recent study identified a TGF-β1 genotype with higher frequency in patients suggesting that this polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to MS [101]. …”

Section: Tgf-β In Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroprotective Functions of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Proteins

Dobolyi

Vincze

Pál

et al. 2012

IJMS

204

158

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Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) proteins are multifunctional cytokines whose neural functions are increasingly recognized. The machinery of TGF-β signaling, including the serine kinase type transmembrane receptors, is present in the central nervous system. However, the 3 mammalian TGF-β subtypes have distinct distributions in the brain suggesting different neural functions. Evidence of their involvement in the development and plasticity of the nervous system as well as their functions in peripheral organs suggested that they also exhibit neuroprotective functions. Indeed, TGF-β expression is induced following a variety of types of brain tissue injury. The neuroprotective function of TGF-βs is most established following brain ischemia. Damage in experimental animal models of global and focal ischemia was shown to be attenuated by TGF-βs. In addition, support for their neuroprotective actions following trauma, sclerosis multiplex, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and brain tumors is also accumulating. The review will also describe the potential mechanisms of neuroprotection exerted by TGF-βs including anti-inflammatory, -apoptotic, -excitotoxic actions as well as the promotion of scar formation, angiogenesis, and neuroregeneration. The participation of these mechanisms in the neuroprotective effects of TGF-βs during different brain lesions will also be discussed.

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Section: Tgf-β In Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroprotective Functions of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Proteins

Dobolyi

Vincze

Pál

et al. 2012

IJMS

204

158

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“…The exacerbated kidney damage in the Old Impaired rats may be attributed, in part, to aggravated inflammation because the aging-related increase in IL-6 expression was more pronounced in the Old Impaired rats. Inflammation could activate TGF-β leading to tissue remodeling (Izad et al 2010;. The mechanism of aging-related increase in IL-6 is not fully understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging-related kidney damage is associated with a decrease in klotho expression and an increase in superoxide production

Zuo

Wang

et al. 2010

AGE

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The purpose of this study was to determine changes in klotho, endothelin (ET) receptors, and superoxide production in kidneys of aged rats and whether these changes are exacerbated in aged rats with cognitive impairment. Twenty aged rats (male, 27 months) were divided into an Old Impaired group (n=9) and an Old Intact group (n=11) according to a cognitive function test. A group of 12-month-old rats (n=10) was used as a Young Intact group. Serum creatinine was increased significantly in the Old Impaired group, suggesting impaired renal function. Aged rats showed glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitialfibrosis. These pathological changes were markedly aggravated in the old cognitively impaired than in the old cognitively intact animals. Notably, aged rats demonstrated a significant decrease in klotho protein expression in renal cortex and medulla. Protein expression of IL-6, Nox2, ETa receptors and superoxide production were increased whereas mitochondrial SOD (MnSOD) and ETb receptors expression were decreased in kidneys of the aged rats. Interestingly, these changes were more pronounced in the old impaired than in the old intact rats. In conclusion, the aging-related kidney damage was exacerbated in aged rats with cognitive impairment. Klotho, ETB, and MnSOD were downregulated but ETa, IL-6, Nox2, and superoxide production were upregulated in the aging-related kidney damage. These changes were more pronounced in rats with cognitive impairment.

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“…Only one study was performed in a population of Asian origin [60]. The polymorphism occurred in frequencies inconsistent with the HWE in the control arm of three studies [60–62]. The pooled OR of the A allele versus the G allele was 0.926 (95% CI: 0.825, 1.038).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of 45 studies including 7379 cases and 8131 controls

Nikolopoulos

Masgala

Tsiara

et al. 2011

European Journal of Neurology

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Many environmental and genetic factors have been implicated in the development of multiple sclerosis. However, the aetiology has not been clarified yet. Therefore, using a meta-analytic approach, we tried to probe the potential association between various cytokine gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of multiple sclerosis. A comprehensive literature search yielded 45 eligible studies, which involved 7379 cases and 8131 controls. Totally, the effect of eight polymorphisms, i.e. IL-1A C[-889]T, IL-1B C[-511]T, IL-1B C[3953]T, IL-4 C[33]T, IL-10 C[-819]T, IL-10 G[-1082]A, tumour necrosis factor-a (TNFA) G[-308]A and TNFA G[-238]A, was evaluated in a random-effects meta-analysis. There was no evidence of statistically significant association between the aforementioned polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis. Publication bias and heterogeneity were absent in most analyses. Within its limitations, the current literature-based meta-analysis does not indicate that specific polymorphic variations of genes encoding pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines affect susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.

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Cytokines Genes Polymorphisms and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

The Neuroprotective Functions of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Proteins

The Neuroprotective Functions of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Proteins

Aging-related kidney damage is associated with a decrease in klotho expression and an increase in superoxide production

Cytokine gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of 45 studies including 7379 cases and 8131 controls

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