Cytokines CCL2 and CXCL1 may be potential novel predictors of early bone loss

Abstract

osteoporosis is a common disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMd) and increased fracture risk. The current techniques detect real-time BMd precisely but do not provide adequate information to predict early bone loss. if bone loss could be diagnosed and predicted early, severe osteoporosis and unexpected fractures could be prevented, allowing for an improved quality of life for individuals. in the present study, an ovariectomized rat model of bone loss was established and the serum levels of 78 potential cytokines were determined using a protein array. The BMd of ovariectomized rats was dynamically measured by micro-cT and the early stage of bone loss was defined at the fourth week after surgery. The expression of several serum protein cytokines was indicated to be altered in the ovariectomized rats during an 8-week time-course of bone loss. linear regression analysis revealed that the serum levels of cc motif chemokine ligand 2 (ccl2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and c-X-c motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) were significantly associated with a reduction in BMD. The significance of these two factors in indicating bone mass reduction was further verified by analyzing serum samples from 24 patients with BMd using eliSa and performing a linear regression analysis. The serum levels of ccl2 and cXcl1 were inversely correlated with the bone mass. Therefore, the cytokines ccl2 and cXcl1 may be potential novel predictors of early bone loss and may be clinically relevant for the early diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis.

Bindarit Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Inhibiting CCL2 and CCL7 Expression via the NF‐κB Signaling Pathway

“…Estrogen has many complex functions in vivo , such as anti‐inflammatory functions. Estrogen withdrawal causes many changes in postmenopausal women, such as upregulation of the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 17,36 . Chemokines such as CCL2 and CCL7 participate in multiple inflammatory diseases.…”

“…Estrogen downregulates CCL2, 14–16 and some studies have considered the chemokine CCL2 as an indicator of estrogen signaling 16 . CCL2 is elevated in osteoporosis patients and may be a novel predictor 17 . The regulatory effect of estrogen on CCL2 and CCL7 is controversial, 18 and research on the effects of estrogen on CCL2 and CCL7 in patients with PMOP is lacking.…”

“…Osteoclasts are differentiated from monocyte/macrophage lines and are key cells in osteoporosis because of excessive bone absorption. Excessive pathological secretion of many chemokines may potently stimulate bone resorption and local osteolysis 2,17 . The expression of CCL2 and CCL7 in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) of patients with PMOP is not clear.…”

“…16 CCL2 is elevated in osteoporosis patients and may be a novel predictor. 17 The regulatory effect of estrogen on CCL2 and CCL7 is controversial, 18 and research on the effects of estrogen on CCL2 and CCL7 in patients with PMOP is lacking. Receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induces the expression of many chemokines, including CCL7, 19 an osteoclastogenic factor.…”

“…Excessive pathological secretion of many chemokines may potently stimulate bone resorption and local osteolysis. 2,17 The expression of CCL2 and CCL7 in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) of patients with PMOP is not clear.…”