Cytokines as new biomarkers of skin wound vitality

Peyron, Pierre-Antoine; Colomb, S.; Becas, Dorian; Adriansen, Aurélie; Gauchotte, Guillaume; Tiers, Laurent; Marin, Grégory; Lehmann, Sylvain; Baccino, É.; Delaby, Constance; Hirtz, Christophe

doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02659-z

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Keratinocytes have been shown to secrete a number of cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, and TNFα. Cytokine expression can be induced and modulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors [33][34][35][36][37]. Our study evaluated 27 human cytokines using a multiplex cytokine panel and similar to previous studies using skin wound models or UV exposure, we observed detectable basal levels for all cytokines measured [33,36,38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Sunscreen: Potential Impact on Cytokine Expression in Human Skin Pre- and Post-UVB Exposure

Ailawadi

Talreja

Panstingel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Nanoparticles have been widely used in sunscreen products to prevent UVB-mediated skin damage. Research has shown that ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles effectively scatter, reflect, and absorb light in the UV range. However, little is known regarding the impact of nanoparticle and UVB exposure on cytokine expression. This study investigates the influence of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human skin exposed to UVB radiation. Methods De-identified, discarded skin from three abdominoplasty surgeries were exposed to UVB with or without the application of ZnO or TiO2 nanoparticles. Samples were analyzed using a BioRad Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay to determine cytokine levels of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results UVB exposure or application of ZnO or TiO2 nanoparticles had very little effect on cytokine levels compared to the no treatment control when evaluated 24 hrs after exposure. However, application of TiO2 following UVB exposure resulted in increased cytokine levels for nearly all the cytokines evaluated. This effect was absent when a combination of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles were applied. Interestingly, pre-, and post-UVB application of ZnO or a combination of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles decreased IL-6 levels or IL-6 and IL-8 levels, respectively. Discussion These results suggest a potential for nanoparticle sunscreen to enhance or reduce the inflammatory response in skin depending on conditions of UVB exposure and the nanoparticle composition and how it is applied. Further studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using nanoparticle sunscreens are warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Sunscreen: Potential Impact on Cytokine Expression in Human Skin Pre- and Post-UVB Exposure

Ailawadi

Talreja

Panstingel

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…We included in the present study only recent wounds, with a survival or pre-devascularization time of few seconds or minutes in a significant number of cases, which may explain the low sensitivity, whatever the method. In the same series of medicolegal wound, we previously found a sensitivity of 21% for the evaluation of IL8 staining, which reached 46% when using IL8 in a multiplex immunoassay, normalized on healthy skin levels ( 32 , 33 ). Hence, we can conclude that IHC is less sensitive that immunoassay, but the latter has the disadvantage of needing fresh frozen tissue and to be a method which is not as largely developed as IHC, requiring training sets and data normalization, without morphological control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Myeloperoxydase and CD15 With Glycophorin C Double Staining in the Evaluation of Skin Wound Vitality in Forensic Practice

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe determination of skin wound vitality based on tissue sections is a challenge for the forensic pathologist. Histology is still the gold standard, despite its low sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry could allow to obtain a higher sensitivity. Upon the candidate markers, CD15 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) may allow to early detect polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of CD15 and MPO, with glycophorin C co-staining, compared to standard histology, in a series of medicolegal autopsies, and in a human model of recent wounds.MethodsTwenty-four deceased individuals with at least one recent open skin wound were included. For each corpse, a post-mortem wound was performed in an uninjured skin area. At autopsy, a skin sample from the margins of each wound and skin controls were collected (n = 72). Additionally, the cutaneous surgical margins of abdominoplasty specimens were sampled as a model of early intravital stab wound injury (scalpel blade), associated with post-devascularization wounds (n = 39). MPO/glycophorin C and CD15/glycophorin C immunohistochemical double staining was performed. The number of MPO and CD15 positive cells per 10 high power fields (HPF) was evaluated, excluding glycophorin C—positive areas.ResultsWith a threshold of at least 4 PMN/10 high power fields, the sensitivity and specificity of the PMN count for the diagnostic of vitality were 16 and 100%, respectively. With MPO/glycophorin C as well as CD15/glycophorin C IHC, the number of positive cells was significantly higher in vital than in non-vital wounds (p < 0.001). With a threshold of at least 4 positive cells/10 HPF, the sensitivity and specificity of CD15 immunohistochemistry were 53 and 100%, respectively; with the same threshold, MPO sensitivity and specificity were 28 and 95%.ConclusionWe showed that combined MPO or CD15/glycophorin C double staining is an interesting and original method to detect early vital reaction. CD15 allowed to obtain a higher, albeit still limited, sensitivity, with a high specificity. Confirmation studies in independent and larger cohorts are still needed to confirm its accuracy in forensic pathology.

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“…Five studies ( 65 , 66 , 69 – 71 ) used RT-qPCR and two studies ( 67 , 68 ) used RT-qPCR and western blot to detect transcriptomic data. Other seven studies used different techniques: q-DNA analysis ( 64 ), enzyme histochemical analysis ( 79 ), histological analysis ( 85 ), atomic absorption spectrometry ( 84 ), liquid chromatography ( 86 ), multiplex sandwich immunoassay ( 88 ) and western blot ( 89 ) ( Table 4 ).…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another more recent study ( 88 ) used multiplex sandwich immunoassay to analyze different cytokines to discriminate between vital and post-mortem wounds. Cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, and TNF-α) were significantly higher in vital wounds than post-mortem, except for IFN - γ and IL-2.…”

Section: Wound Characterization In Post-mortem Forensic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Impact of the Omics Science Involved in the Wound: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Background: In forensic autopsies, examining the wounds is one of the most critical aspects to clarify the causal relationship between the cause of death and the wounds observed on the corpse. However, on many occasions, it is difficult to differentiate antemortem injuries from post-mortem injuries, mainly when they occur very close to the moment of death. At present, various studies try to find biomarkers and clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in a wound due to the high variability of conditions in which they occur, thus being one of the most challenging problems in forensic pathology. This review aimed to study the omics data to determine the main lines of investigation emerging in the diagnosis of vital injuries, time of appearance, estimation of the age and vitality of the wound, and its possible contributions to the forensic field.Methods: A systematic review of the human wound concerning forensic science was carried out by following PRISMA guidelines.Results: This study sheds light on the role of omics research during the process of wounding, identifying different cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, as well as cells involved in the specific stage of the wound healing process, show great use in estimating the age of a wound. On the other hand, the expression levels of skin enzymes, proteins, metal ions, and other biomarkers play an essential role in differentiating vital and post-mortem wounds. More recent studies have begun to analyze and quantify mRNA from different genes that encode proteins that participate in the inflammation phase of a wound and miRNAs related to various cellular processes.Conclusions: This study sheds light on the role of research in the molecular characterization of vital wounds, heralding a promising future for molecular characterization of wounds in the field of forensic pathology, opening up an important new area of research.Systematic Review Registration: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero, Identifier: CRD42021286623.

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Cytokines as new biomarkers of skin wound vitality

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Sunscreen: Potential Impact on Cytokine Expression in Human Skin Pre- and Post-UVB Exposure

Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Sunscreen: Potential Impact on Cytokine Expression in Human Skin Pre- and Post-UVB Exposure

Myeloperoxydase and CD15 With Glycophorin C Double Staining in the Evaluation of Skin Wound Vitality in Forensic Practice

Forensic Impact of the Omics Science Involved in the Wound: A Systematic Review

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