Cytokines and the immunopathology of the spondyloarthropathies

Braun, Jürgen; Sieper, Joachim

doi:10.1007/s11926-999-0028-y

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 104 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An alternative hypothesis suggests that juxta-articular enthesitis is associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which induce synovitis [7]. TNF-α mRNA has been detected in inflamed sacroiliac joints of people with AS, but not IL-1β mRNA [26]. TGF-β was also detected in sacroiliac joint biopsies [27].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Mediators as Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Spine

Roberts

Butler²

2005

CDTIA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammation plays a variable part in the pathogenesis of several spinal disorders. Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy of the spine and rheumatoid arthritis, whilst affecting predominantly limb joints, also affects the cervical spine in a significant proportion of people. Inflammation is also involved in disorders such as disc herniation and sciatica, which have previously been thought of as being primarily mechanical or degenerative. Anti-inflammatory agents which have been shown to be effective elsewhere in the body are discussed in this review as possible therapeutic agents in the spine. As the inflammatory cascade and immunopathology of these conditions continue to be elucidated, it has become apparent that individual molecules may be potential targets for inactivation or down-regulation. Candidates include pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, cytokines, e.g. IL-1 and IL-15, or enzymes enhancing the inflammation pathway such as the cyclooxygenases. Hence treatments based on inactivation of these molecules by various mechanisms, including antibodies, receptor antagonists, enzyme inhibitors or gene therapy, are being introduced. However, the mode of action of a particular molecule can be complex and sometimes apparently contradictory. For example, TNF-alpha is known to play an important role in promoting inflammation by upregulating expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and stimulating the production of reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide and prostaglandins. However, it can also have an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory role after prolonged release. Therefore, although inhibitors of many of these molecules are now in clinical application and trials (many with promising results in rheumatoid arthritis), it is important to remain vigilant and monitor long-term outcomes particularly when these treatments are used in clinical syndromes with relatively poorly defined immunopathology such as spinal disorders.

show abstract

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Mediators as Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Spine

Roberts

Butler²

2005

CDTIA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Activated macrophage cells are the most abundant source of inflammatory cytokines. Studies of cytokines initially focused on the presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in spondyloarthritic joint tissue [18][19][20][21] but not in RA tissue, implying that differential regulation of T-cell activation with an IL-2 pathway is dominant in spondyloarthropathies. An IL-15 pathway, providing an alternative signal, may predominate in RA [16].…”

Section: Macrophage Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of cell activation in spondyloarthropathies

Fearon

Veale

2001

Curr Rheumatol Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The initiating event in cell activation is unknown in most autoimmune diseases. The role of infection is clear in some cases, especially in reactive arthritis; however, there is little evidence of a specific organism in other spondyloarthropathies. Common pathways of cell-cell interaction and activation manifest in inflammation, but subtle differences may exist. The presence of T cells, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes suggest an autoimmune mechanism; the arthritogenic peptide theory has been proposed. Furthermore, the association of spondyloarthropathies with HLA-B27 suggests it may be important in synovial T-cell activation. Other cell types involved in the process of bone and cartilage destruction, including fibroblasts and osteoclasts, may also be activated. Endothelial activation and angiogenesis may be a critical primary event in these diseases. Finally, trauma (physical or psychological) in the form of stress may be an important factor; the nervous system and neuropeptides may play a role in cell activation and initiation of arthritis.

show abstract

The Use of Synovial Fluid Analysis for Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Bouloux

2018

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cytokines and the immunopathology of the spondyloarthropathies

Cited by 5 publications

References 104 publications

Inflammatory Mediators as Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Spine

Inflammatory Mediators as Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Spine

Pathways of cell activation in spondyloarthropathies

The Use of Synovial Fluid Analysis for Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About