Cytokines and Migraine: Increase of IL‐5 and IL‐4 Plasma Levels

Munno, I; Centonze, Vincenzo; Marinaro, Mariarosaria; Bassi, A.; Lacedra, Giuseppe; Causarano, V.; Nardelli, Pietro; Cassiano, M.; Albano, O

doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.1998.3806465.x

Cited by 56 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The role of PGR has been reported in migraine [Colson et al, 2005] and more recently in migraine associated vertigo syndrome [Lee et al, 2007]. Cytokines are part of the acute and chronic inflammatory responses of the central nervous system [Moore et al, 1980;Munno et al, 1998]. TNFa is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been shown to play a role in nociception [Sachs et al, 2002;Wagner and Myers, 1996].…”

Section: Other Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migraine genetics and prospects for pharmacotherapy

Colson

Fernandez

Griffiths

2007

Drug Development Research

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Migraine is a common complex neurological disorder with a well-known but poorly characterized genetic liability. The search for migraine susceptibility genes has been the focus of intense research. It is now believed that common migraine is not a single gene disorder, but attributable to several potentially interacting genetic variants. These variants may differ in each sufferer and interact with environmental factors to set the individual migraine threshold. This genetic liability may play an important role in the clinical heterogeneity seen in migraine and also in the variability of treatment response. This review will look at genetic loci implicated in migraine to date and consider their current or prospective role in migraine therapy. To elucidate the complex nature of migraine genetic liability, approaches that consider detailed endophenotypic profiles that encompass treatment response may provide much more relevant information than simple end diagnosis. Drug Dev Res 68: 282-293, 2007. r 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Other Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migraine genetics and prospects for pharmacotherapy

Colson

Fernandez

Griffiths

2007

Drug Development Research

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“…Thus, cytokine expression patterns have been used to distinguish normal and altered cell functions in a variety of clinical conditions. In the past, conflicting results have been reported regarding the peripheral cytokine secretion pattern in migraine [14][15][16], suggesting that different routes are involved in the generation of migraine pain. In the present study, we investigated the NOS-2/COX-2 network and its possible influence on Th1/Th2 balance and cytokine production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of NOS–2, COX–2 and Th1/Th2 cytokines in migraine

et al. 2001

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Nitric oxide (NO) probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine without aura (MWA). As the activation of NO-ergic cascade has been shown to be closely linked to cyclooxygenase pathway and to cause some differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte populations, we investigated if the Th1/Th2 balance in peripheral blood of MWA patients was affected in comparison to controls. Twenty-six MWA patients and 10 healthy controls (C) were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were taken at baseline (T0) and during an induced migraine attack (T1). Total RNA from human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was isolated and reverse-transcribed to prepare complementary DNA. COX-2, NOS-2 and β-actin were amplified using PCR. PBLs from patients and controls were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A. Cells were surfacestained with fluorochrome-conjugated anti-CD3 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and intracellularly stained with fluorochrome-conjugated anti-IFN-γ or anti-IL-4 mAbs. The level of cytokine expression was analyzed by gating on the CD4 + lymphocyte subset. Th1 and Th2 type cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4) were directly assayed in serum by ELISA. Preliminary results indicate that NOS-2 was upregulated in MWA patients at basal time if compared to controls, whereas after NOD administration NOS-2 was significantly decreased. COX-2 was upregulated in MWA patients at basal time and it had an opposite trend after NOD administration. The homeostatic Th1/Th2 balance defined by the IFN-γ or IL-4 cytokine expression was unchanged in MWA patients in comparison to controls, and NOD administration did not affect that pattern. The cell activation machinery was not altered after mitogenic activation, as shown by CD69 expression level. Cytokine serum levels showed no significant changes in all studied situations. This study confirms the relevance of the NOS/COX system in MWA but, in contrast with previous studies, excludes their effect and activation on peripheral cytokine production. More sophisticated experimental models are needed to investigate the ability of NOS/COX to activate migraine pain.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Conflicting findings are also available regarding adhesion molecules in migraineurs. One such study showed a marked decrease in expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and soluble (s)ICAM-1, and reduced levels of IL-4 in serum during spontaneous and nitric oxide (NO)-induced migraine attacks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proinflammatory Cytokines, Adhesion Molecules, and Lymphocyte Integrin Expression in the Internal Jugular Blood of Migraine Patients Without Aura Assessed Ictally

Sarchielli¹,

Alberti²,

Baldi³

et al. 2006

Headache

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The transient increase in sICAM-1 and TNF-alpha found in the internal jugular blood of MWoA patients assessed ictally can be induced by sensory neuropeptides released from activated trigeminal endings. The progressive decrease in sICAM-1 levels during attacks and the down-regulation of LFA-1 expression by lymphocytes could antagonize their transvascular migration, supporting the hypothesis of sterile inflammation in the dura mater during migraine attacks.

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Cytokines and Migraine: Increase of IL‐5 and IL‐4 Plasma Levels

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Migraine genetics and prospects for pharmacotherapy

Migraine genetics and prospects for pharmacotherapy

Expression of NOS–2, COX–2 and Th1/Th2 cytokines in migraine

Proinflammatory Cytokines, Adhesion Molecules, and Lymphocyte Integrin Expression in the Internal Jugular Blood of Migraine Patients Without Aura Assessed Ictally

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