Cytokines and cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas

Abstract

Cytokines are considered to be of major importance for the University Berlin, Germany pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). Their impact may result from autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects. Several investigations demonstrated the overexpression of different cytokines in different CTCL entities. Interestingly, stage-dependent shifts in the cytokine pattern have been observed in mycosis fungoides (MF). There is evidence that the abnormal cytokine expression in CTCL might be responsible for tumor progression, resulting from an enhanced proliferation of the malignant cells and/or the depression of the anti-tumor immune response.

Constitutive STAT3-activation in Sezary syndrome: tyrphostin AG490 inhibits STAT3-activation, interleukin-2 receptor expression and growth of leukemic Sezary cells

“…It is a characteristic feature of CTCL that cytokine-producing inflammatory T cells infiltrate tumor lesions. 28 The present findings prompt us to hypothesize that a constitutive STAT3 activation triggers an aberrant expression of cytokine receptors such as IL-2R␣. Thus, STAT3 activation might indirectly increase tumor sensitivity to cytokines produced locally and thus increase tumor growth in vivo.…”

Highly cytotoxic natural killer cells are associated with poor prognosis in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

“…19,34,35 Indeed, as disease progresses, neoplastic CD4 1 T cells express higher levels of IL-15. 19 Furthermore, IL-15 overexpression alone can induce CTCL in a murine model of the disease.…”

HLA-G protein up-regulation in primary cutaneous lymphomas is associated with interleukin-10 expression in large cell T-cell lymphomas and indolent B-cell lymphomas

“…53,54 Shift from a T h 1 to T h 2 cytokine profile and subsequent expression of IL-10 has been associated with the disease progression and impairment of tumor immunosurveillance in different malignancies as well as in advanced MF. 1,7,55 Additionally, IL-10 has been shown to be an autocrine growth factor in B-cell For personal use only. on May 13, 2018.…”

“…3,4 Most of the abnormalities might be attributed to the pleiotropic immunosuppressive effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10), as demonstrated in different CL types. [5][6][7][8] Despite the evidence of antitumor humoral and cell-mediated immune response in CL, [9][10][11] the disease may evolve further, eventually killing the patient. Besides the production of immunosuppressive cytokines, alterations of HLA class I status responsible for the presentation of tumor peptides to T cells could be the reason for an ineffective antitumor response.…”