Cytokines and chemokines in the epidermis

Matrix metalloproteinase‐19 is expressed by proliferating epithelium but disappears with neoplastic dedifferentiation

“…37,38 TNF-␣ induces adhesion molecules and apoptosis of keratinocytes. 39 In our samples, the localization of MMP-19 did not histologically correlate with apoptosis. Also, the number of TNF-␣-stimulated cells was similar to the number of untreated control cells in the 24 hr samples used for TaqMan analysis.…”

The Transport Profile of Cytokines in Epidermal Equivalents Subjected to Mechanical Loading

“…Interleukin-1a (IL-1a) is a pluripotent, multifunctional cytokine that plays a key role in the initiation and development of inflammatory and immune responses. 41 Furthermore, this cytokine is known to induce the production of other cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factora (TNF-a). 16,41 Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), which is also constitutively produced by keratinocytes in the epidermis, is known to inhibit the activity of IL-1a.…”

Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Mediated Slug and Snail Transcription Factor Up-Regulation Reduces the Density of Langerhans Cells in Epithelial Metaplasia by Affecting E-Cadherin Expression

“…6 Accordingly, epithelial cells can influence immune reactions in mucosal surfaces through the production of cytokines and/or chemokines or via cell-cell contact. 7 For example, the intraepithelial expression of adhesion molecules, necessary to maintain a balanced turnover of immunocompetent cells, is probably influenced by the epithelial differentiation, which is altered in metaplastic areas.…”