Cytokines and bacterial infections

Degré, Miklos

doi:10.1007/bf01877208

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Increases in IL-12, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10, as detected here in FEP patients, may well indicate the presence of an infection [26]. Moreover, the immune cell profile observed in FEP patients may indicate induction of DCs and macrophages, which subsequently activate Th-1 cells [27]. The lack of an IL-2 response coupled with strongly induced M1 cytokines in FEP may suggest that perhaps a bacterial component is more prominent than a viral component [26].…”

Section: Effects Of Risperidone On the Composite Scores And Rating Scsupporting

confidence: 59%

Activation of the Immune-Inflammatory Response System and the Compensatory Immune-Regulatory Reflex System in Antipsychotic Naive First Episode Psychosis

Noto¹,

Maes²,

Nunes³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Background: First episode psychosis (FEP), schizophrenia and affective disorders are accompanied by activation of the immune inflammatory response system (IRS). The compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (CIRS) is a regulatory immune response that is induced by the IRS but exerts negative feedback through, for example, increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13 and IL-10. Different phenotypes of schizophrenia may exhibit distinct IRS and CIRS immune profiles.Aims: This study aims to examine the IRS and CIRS components, including macrophagic M1, T-helper (Th)-1, Th-2, Th-17 and T-regulatory (Treg) phenotypes, in antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients before and after risperidone treatment.Methods: We included 31 antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients who had measurements of IRS and CIRS biomarkers before and after treatment with risperidone for 10 weeks, and 22 healthy controls.Results: Antipsychotic-naive FEP patients showed interrelated increments in M1, Th-1, Th-2, Th-17 and Treg phenotypes and a relatively greater IRS response (especially granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12) as compared with the CIRS response (IL-4, IL-13, IL-5 and IL-10). Inflammatory markers, especially IL-6 and IL-8, were significantly correlated with negative, psychotic, affective and excitation symptom dimensions. Treatment with risperidone significantly suppressed the IRS and CIRS. Baseline levels of CIRS biomarkers, especially higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 and IL-10 predicted clinical improvement during treatment.Discussion: Our findings indicate that FEP is characterized by robust IRS (M1 + Th-1 + Th-17) and CIRS responses, suggesting that monocytes, macrophages, Th-1, Th-2, Th-17 and Treg cells are activated. The findings indicate that a) FEP patients are prone to the detrimental effects of M1, Th-1, Th-17 and Th-2 cells, which may contribute to long-lasting abnormalities in brain circuitry; and b) in FEP, the CIRS may contribute to recovery from the acute phase of illness. Enhancing the CIRS is a new drug target to treat FEP.

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Section: Effects Of Risperidone On the Composite Scores And Rating Scsupporting

confidence: 59%

Activation of the Immune-Inflammatory Response System and the Compensatory Immune-Regulatory Reflex System in Antipsychotic Naive First Episode Psychosis

Noto¹,

Maes²,

Nunes³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…One possible answer is that different bacterial strains induce different cytokine profiles in the tumor microenvironment. Bacteria (or bacterial components) induce immune responses by increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by activating different immune cell populations 21 . For example, gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonellae and E. coli express lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is the ligand for TLR4 (LPS triggers inflammatory reactions and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines 22 , 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella typhimurium Suppresses Tumor Growth via the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-1β

Kim¹,

Phan²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2015

Theranostics

164

154

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Although strains of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and wild-type Escherichia coli show similar tumor-targeting capacities, only S. typhimurium significantly suppresses tumor growth in mice. The aim of the present study was to examine bacteria-mediated immune responses by conducting comparative analyses of the cytokine profiles and immune cell populations within tumor tissues colonized by E. coli or attenuated Salmonellae. CT26 tumor-bearing mice were treated with two different bacterial strains: S. typhimurium defective in ppGpp synthesis (ΔppGpp Salmonellae) or wild-type E. coli MG1655. Cytokine profiles and immune cell populations in tumor tissue colonized by these two bacterial strains were examined at two time points based on the pattern of tumor growth after ΔppGpp Salmonellae treatment: 1) when tumor growth was suppressed ('suppression stage') and 2) when they began to re-grow ('re-growing stage'). The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were markedly increased in tumors colonized by ΔppGpp Salmonellae. This increase was associated with tumor regression; the levels of both IL-1β and TNF-α returned to normal level when the tumors started to re-grow. To identify the immune cells primarily responsible for Salmonellae-mediated tumor suppression, we examined the major cell types that produce IL-1β and TNF-α. We found that macrophages and dendritic cells were the main producers of TNF-α and IL-1β. Inhibiting IL-1β production in Salmonellae-treated mice restored tumor growth, whereas tumor growth was suppressed for longer by local administration of recombinant IL-1β or TNF-α in conjunction with Salmonella therapy. These findings suggested that IL-1β and TNF-α play important roles in Salmonella-mediated cancer therapy. A better understanding of host immune responses in Salmonella therapy may increase the success of a given drug, particularly when various strategies are combined with bacteriotherapy.

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“…They are potential targets for new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases (Kopf et al 2010). In addition, levels of cytokines have been correlated with the progression of bacterial infections (Degre 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%