ABSTRACT:Interleukin (IL) 1 is a proinflammatory cytokine known to markedly alter expression of major organic anion transporters in rodent hepatocytes. However, its effects toward human hepatic transporters remain poorly characterized. Therefore, the present study was aimed at determining IL-1 effects on expression of organic anion transporters in primary human hepatocytes and highly differentiated human hepatoma HepaRG cells. Exposure to 1 ng/ml IL-1 was first shown to markedly repress mRNA expression of sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), a major sinusoidal transporter handling bile acids, in both human hepatocytes and HepaRG cells. Interleukin (IL) 1, a major proinflammatory cytokine contributing to endotoxin-or sepsis-induced cholestasis in liver, impairs hepatic detoxification pathways (Prandota, 2005;Aitken et al., 2006). Thus, IL-1 decreases expression of various drug-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochromes P450 and glutathione S-transferases, in human and rat hepatocytes (Abdel-Razzak et al., 1993;Maheo et al., 1997). In addition, it interferes with drug-related regulation of detoxifying proteins (Assenat et al., 2004).Organic anion transporters handling bile acids or drugs also constitute important targets of IL-1 in rodents (Geier et al., 2007;Petrovic et al., 2007). Indeed, IL-1-treated mice display reduced expression of various hepatic transporters, including solute carrier (SLC) proteins like sinusoidal sodium-dependent taurocholate transporter Ntcp (Slc10a1) and organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatp) 1 (Slco1a1) and Oatp2 (Slco1a2), and ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters like bile salt export pump (Bsep) (Abcb11) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp) 2 (Abcc2) (Hartmann et al., 2002;Geier et al., 2005). In addition, Ntcp and Mrp2 are also down-regulated in primary rat hepatocytes exposed to IL-1 (Denson et al., 2002;Li et al., 2002). However, IL-1-mediated regulation of hepatic organic anion transporters remains much less characterized in human hepatocytes than in their rodent counterparts, even if MRP2 (ABCC2) and MRP3 (ABCC3) have been shown to constitute targets of IL-1 in certain human hepatoma cell lines (Lee and Piquette-Miller, 2003;Hisaeda et al., 2004). In this context, it is noteworthy that an inverse correlation between sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) (SLC10A1) mRNA levels and IL-1 secretion has been recently reported in human liver slices exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Elferink et al., 2004), suggesting that at least some human organic anion transporters, especially NTCP, may be downregulated by IL-1, as their rodent counterparts. The present study was designed to investigate this hypothesis. Using human primary hepatocytes and human highly differentiated hepatoma HepaRG cells, well recognized as convenient models for studying regulation of transporters Le Vee et al., 2006), we report that IL-1 treatment markedly reduced functional expression of NTCP in human hepatocytes; mRNA levels of other major ...