Cytokine storms in infectious diseases

Teijaro, John R.

doi:10.1007/s00281-017-0640-2

Cited by 115 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The disease outcome, as well as the immunopathology and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV, SARS, and other respiratory viral infections in humans and other animals are strongly linked to the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [16,37,38]. Various cytokines, chemokines, and innate immune cells have been associated with the immunopathology during coronavirus (CoV) and influenza virus infection [5,6,13,14]. This study offers the first insight into the lung molecular gene expression profile of Th1 and Th2-related cytokines/ chemokines (Th1 & Th2 responses) during acute MERS-CoV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High inflammatory cytokines and chemokines levels have been strongly correlated with poor disease outcomes, immunopathology and massive infiltration of the immune inflammatory cells into the lungs [10,12]. Moreover, the stimulation of various cytokines, chemokines and innate immune cells has been associated with the appearance of cytokine storms, which occur during infections with pathogenic coronavirus (CoV) and influenza virus [6,13,14]. In addition, increased IL-8 (CXCL8) levels play a key role in acute SARS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154895 Received 10 June 2019; Received in revised form 14 October 2019; Accepted 17 October 2019 infection, viral bronchiolitis pathogenesis, severe immunopathology, and disease enhancement during respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection [10,12,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MERS-CoV infection is associated with downregulation of genes encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines and elevated inflammatory innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract

et al. 2020

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A B S T R A C TMERS-CoV, a highly pathogenic virus in humans, is associated with high morbidity and case fatality. Inflammatory responses have a significant impact on MERS-CoV pathogenesis and disease outcome. However, CD4 + T-cell induced immune responses during acute MERS-CoV infection are barely detectable, with potent inhibition of effector T cells and downregulation of antigen presentation. The local pulmonary immune response, particularly the Th1 and Th2-related immune response during acute severe MERS-CoV infection is not fully understood. In this study, we offer the first insights into the pulmonary gene expression profile of Th1 and Th2related cytokines/chemokines (Th1 & Th2 responses) during acute MERS-CoV infection using RT 2 Profiler PCR Arrays. We also quantified the expression level of primary inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Our results showed a downregulation of Th2, inadequate (partial) Th1 immune response and high expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β and the neutrophil chemoattractant chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8) in the lower respiratory tract of MERS-CoV infected patients. Moreover, we identified a high viral load in all included patients. We also observed a correlation between inflammatory cytokines, Th1, and Th2 downregulation and the case fatality rate. Th1 and Th2 response downregulation, high expression of inflammatory cytokines, and high viral load may contribute to lung inflammation, severe infection, the evolution of pneumonia and ARDS, and a higher case fatality rate. Further study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the Th1 and Th2 regulatory pathways will be vital for active vaccine development and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MERS-CoV infection is associated with downregulation of genes encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines and elevated inflammatory innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract

et al. 2020

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“…50 Rothman and colleagues reviewed how innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to promoting severe DHF manifestations, also reviewing specific cytokines and chemokines, TNF-α, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGF-A), IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-8, CCL2 and CXCL10, and how they promote the production of clinical presentation DHF cellular and molecular contributor cytokine storm but will likely on targeting single soluble mediators and focus over common in the inflammatory cascade. 51 Peaks of pro-inflammatory cytokines and peaks of anti-inflammatory cytokines coexist. MCP-1 is a potent monocytes chemoattractant and has been reported that increased levels correlated with severe dengue symptoms.…”

Section: Mcp-1/ccl2mentioning

confidence: 99%

MCP-1 LEVELS AND ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES IN EARLY FEVER OF DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION WITH NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN 1 (NS-1) ANTIGEN TEST IN dr DARSONO HOSPITAL, PACITAN

Agustiningrum

Nugraha

Kahar

2020

IJTID

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Dengue infection caused by DENV and transmitted by mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is a major health problem in the world, including Indonesia. Clinical manifestations of dengue infection are very widely, from asymptomatic until dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DENV will attack macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) and replicate them. Monocytes are macrophages in the blood (± 10% leukocytes). Macrophages produce cytokines and chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)/CCL2. The monocytes that are infected with DENV will express MCP-1, which will increase the permeability of vascular endothelial cells so that they have a risk of developing DHF/DSS. Macrophages and DC secrete NS1 proteins, which are the co-factors that are needed for viral replication and can be detected in the early phase of fever. The increased MCP-1 levels in dengue infection followed by an increase in the number of atypical lymphocytes indicate the arrival of macrophages and monocytes to the site of inflammation which triggers proliferation rather than lymphocytes. This is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design to determine the MCP-1 level in dengue infection patients with 1st until the 4th day of fever and the presence of a typical lymphocytes. Dengue infection was determined by rapid tests NS1 positive or negative and MCP-1 levels were measured using by ELISA sandwich method.MCP-1 level of sixty patients dengue infection NS-1 rapid positive or negative with 2nd until 4rt fever were significantly higher than healthy subjects (420.263 ± 158,496 vs 29, 475 ± 23.443;p=0.000), but there was no significant difference in subjects with DF, DHF or DSS (436,47 ± 225,59 vs 422,77 ± 170,55 vs 448,50 ± 117,39; p =0.844). A typically lymphocytes differs significantly in healthy subjects than subjects infected with DENV an average of 2% (p= 0,000). In conclusion, this shows the arrival of macrophages and monocytes to the site of inflammation, which triggers the proliferation of lymphocytes. ABSTRAK Infeksi dengue disebabkan DENV ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus yang masalah kesehatan utama di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Manifestasi klinik infeksi dengue sangat bervariasi, dapat asimptomatik sampai dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DENV akan menyerang makrofag juga sel dendritik (DC) dan akan bereplikasi. Monosit merupakan makrofag dalam darah (±10% leukosit). Makrofag memproduksi sitokin dan kemokin seperti MCP 1. MCP-1 terekspresi oleh monosit terinfeksi DENV yang dapat meningkatkan permeabilitas sel endotel vaskular sehingga memiliki risiko mengalami DHF/ DSS. Makrofag dan DC mengeluarkanCorresponding Author.protein NS1 merupakan co-factor yang dibutuhkan untuk replikasi virus dan dapat dideteksi pada fase awal demam.Adanya peningkatan kadar MCP-1 pada infeksi dengue diikuti dengan peningkatan jumlah limfosit biru menunjukkan datangnya makrofag dan monosit ke tempat terjadinya inflamasi yang memicu proliferasi daripada limfosit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik ...

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“…Coronavirus infection can induce increased cytokines and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lungs, which is associated with severe clinical outcomes 4 . In adult patients with COVID‐19, the most severe cases demonstrated elevated levels of cytokines and lowered levels of regulatory T cells 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune‐related factors associated with pneumonia in 127 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan

Deng

Xiong

et al. 2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Objective Information regarding the association of immune‐related factors with pneumonia in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is scarce. This study aims to summarize the immune‐related factors and their association with pneumonia in children with COVID‐19. Methods Children with COVID‐19 at Wuhan Children's Hospital from 28 January to 12 March 2020 were enrolled. Pneumonia due to causes other than COVID‐19 were excluded. The clinical and laboratory information including routine blood tests, blood biochemistry, lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulins, cytokines, and inflammatory factors were analyzed retrospectively in 127 patients. Normal ranges and mean values of laboratory markers were applied as parameters for logistic regression analyses of their association with pneumonia. Results In nonintensive care unit patients, 48.8% and 22.4% of patients had increased levels of procalcitonin and hypersensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) respectively. A total 12.6% and 18.1% of patients had decreased levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10), respectively. Approximately 65.8% of patients had pneumonia. These patients had decreased levels of globulin (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41‐6.93; P = .005), IgA (OR, 4.00; 95% CI, 1.13‐14.18; P = .032), and increased levels of hs‐CRP (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.34‐7.36; P = .008), procalcitonin (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.03‐7.24; P < .001), IL‐10 (OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 1.59‐30.80; P = .010), and CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocyte less than 5.0% (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.04‐3.61; P = 0.038). Conclusion Decreased IgA and CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocyte percentage, and increased hs‐CRP, procalcitonin, and IL‐10 were associated with pneumonia, suggesting that the immune‐related factors may participate in the pathogenesis of pneumonia in children with COVID‐19.

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Cytokine storms in infectious diseases

Cited by 115 publications

References 19 publications

MERS-CoV infection is associated with downregulation of genes encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines and elevated inflammatory innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract

MERS-CoV infection is associated with downregulation of genes encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines and elevated inflammatory innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract

MCP-1 LEVELS AND ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES IN EARLY FEVER OF DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION WITH NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN 1 (NS-1) ANTIGEN TEST IN dr DARSONO HOSPITAL, PACITAN

Immune‐related factors associated with pneumonia in 127 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan

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