Cytokine Storms in Cancer and COVID-19

Turnquist, Casmir; Ryan, Bríd M.; Horikawa, Izumi; Harris, Brent T.; Harris, Curtis C.

doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.019

Cited by 72 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Thus, the present review further expands this field by suggesting a rational treatment approaches based on evidence from studies on other diseases with similar immunopathology, such as advanced ovarian cancer. Similarly, in a recent mini-review, Turnquist et al [ 37 ], used lung cancer to illustrate the similarities between the cytokine storm of COVID 19 and that observed in cancer. However, the available data and the long-lasting research on similar immunopathology is even more evident in ovarian cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: can what we know about interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer be applied?

2021

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Improving early diagnosis along with timely and effective treatment of COVID-19 are urgently needed. However, at present, the mechanisms underlying disease spread and development, defined prognosis, and immune status of patients with COVID-19 remain to be determined. Patients with severe disease state exhibit a hyperinflammatory response associated with cytokine storm syndrome, hypercoagulability, and depressed cell-mediated immunity. These clinical manifestations, sharing similar pathogenesis, have been well-studied in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The present review suggests treatment approaches for COVID-19 based on strategies used against ovarian cancer, which shares similar immunopathology and associated coagulation disorders.The chronicization of the hyperinflammatory cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19 highlights a defective resistance phase that leads to aspecific chronic inflammation, associated with oxidative stress, which impairs specific T-cell response, induces tissue and endothelial damage, and thrombosis associated with systemic effects that lead to severe multi-organ failure and death. These events are similar to those observed in advanced ovarian cancer which share similar pathogenesis mediated primarily by Interleukin-6, which is, as well demonstrated in ovarian cancer, the key cytokine driving the immunopathology, related systemic symptoms, and patient prognosis.Consistent with findings in other disease models with similar immunopathology, such as advanced ovarian cancer, treatment of severe COVID-19 infection should target inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation disorders, and immunodepression to improve patient outcome. Correctly identifying disease stages, based on available laboratory data, and developing a specific protocol for each phase is essential for effective treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: can what we know about interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer be applied?

2021

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“…Other measures of the systemic inflammatory response such as the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have also been shown to have prognostic value (7). Moreover, the systemic inflammatory response has been shown to be a useful therapeutic target in patients with COVID-19 (8)(9)(10). However, to date, as there have been variations in the assessment of the systemic inflammatory response, other important factors may remain to be identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systemic inflammatory response and clinicopathological characteristics in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection: Comparison of 2 consecutive cohorts

Maguire

2021

Preprint

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Background: In order to manage the COVID-19 systemic inflammatory response, it is important to identify clinicopathological characteristics across multiple cohorts.Methods: Electronic patient records for 2 consecutive cohorts of patients admitted to two urban teaching hospitals with COVID-19 during two 7-week periods of the COVID-19 pandemic in Glasgow, U.K. (cohort 1: 17th March 2020 - 1st May 2020) and (cohort 2: 18th May 2020 - 6th July 2020) were examined for routine clinical, laboratory and clinical outcome data. Results: Compared with cohort 1, cohort 2 were older (p<0.001), more likely to be female (p<0.05) and have less independent living circumstances (p<0.001). More patients in cohort 2 were PCR positive, CXR negative (both p<0.001) and had low serum albumin concentrations (p<0.001). 30-day mortality was similar between both cohorts (23% and 22%). Over the 2 cohorts, age >70 (p<0.001), male gender (p<0.05), hypertension (p<0.01), heart failure (p<0.05), cognitive impairment (p<0.001), frailty (p<0.001), COPD (p<0.05), delirium (p<0.001), elevated peri-operative Glasgow Prognostic Score (p<0.001), elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p<0.001), low haematocrit (p<0.01), elevated urea (p<0.001), creatinine (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.05) and lactate (p<0.01); and the 4C score were associated with 30-day mortality. When compared with the 4C score, greater frailty (OR 10.2, 95% C.I. 3.4 to 30.6, p<0.01) and low albumin (OR 5.6, 95% C.I. 2.0 to 15.6, p<0.01) were strongly independently associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusion: In addition to the 4C mortality score, frailty score and a low albumin were strongly independently associated with 30-day mortality in two consecutive cohorts of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Article summary: In two consecutive cohorts of patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to two urban teaching hospitals in Glasgow, UK, there were variations in a number of clinicopathological characteristics despite similar mortality (23 and 22%). In these two cohorts, in a multivariate analysis that included the 4C mortality score, clinical frailty score >3, low serum albumin concentration (<35 g/L), high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (>5), and abnormal serum sodium concentration (<133/>145 mmol/L) remained independently associated with 30-day mortality.

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“…Enrichment analysis of target genes found some immune-related genes, which may indicate that viral miRNAs interact with human miRNAs targeting immune genes and result in cytokine storm [ 69 ]. Cytokine storm is a physiological phenomenon that innate immune system is uncontrolled and hyper-activated and presents excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 70 ]. The disorder of the immune system can lead to organ damage and death [ 70 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Viral Mirna In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The miRNA: a small but powerful RNA for COVID-19

Zhang

Amahong

Sun

et al. 2021

Briefings in Bioinformatics

119

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a severe and rapidly evolving epidemic. Now, although a few drugs and vaccines have been proved for its treatment and prevention, little systematic comments are made to explain its susceptibility to humans. A few scattered studies used bioinformatics methods to explore the role of microRNA (miRNA) in COVID-19 infection. Combining these timely reports and previous studies about virus and miRNA, we comb through the available clues and seemingly make the perspective reasonable that the COVID-19 cleverly exploits the interplay between the small miRNA and other biomolecules to avoid being effectively recognized and attacked from host immune protection as well to deactivate functional genes that are crucial for immune system. In detail, SARS-CoV-2 can be regarded as a sponge to adsorb host immune-related miRNA, which forces host fall into dysfunction status of immune system. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 encodes its own miRNAs, which can enter host cell and are not perceived by the host’s immune system, subsequently targeting host function genes to cause illnesses. Therefore, this article presents a reasonable viewpoint that the miRNA-based interplays between the host and SARS-CoV-2 may be the primary cause that SARS-CoV-2 accesses and attacks the host cells.

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Cytokine Storms in Cancer and COVID-19

Cited by 72 publications

References 14 publications

COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: can what we know about interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer be applied?

COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: can what we know about interleukin-6 in ovarian cancer be applied?

The systemic inflammatory response and clinicopathological characteristics in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 infection: Comparison of 2 consecutive cohorts

The miRNA: a small but powerful RNA for COVID-19

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