Cytokine Storm may Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Human Parechovirus Type 3-Associated Acute Encephalopathy in Neonates: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3) is an important cause of acute encephalitis in the neonatal and early infantile periods. Typical HPeV3-associated acute encephalitis paradoxically shows no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis despite virus detection in CSF and diffuse deep white matter involvement of the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance images (MRI).