Cytokine profile in children with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by immune reactivity against microbial and auto-antigens. This work was designed to study the cytokine profile in blood serum and coproextracts of children with CD and UC. The studied patients consisted of 17 children with CD (group I), 17 children with UC (group II), and 18 controls with intestinal dysbiosis (group III). The diagnosis of UC and CD was based on accepted clinical and endoscopic criteria. The levels of 13 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ) were determined in blood sera and coproextracts of the patients and controls using the BioPlex technology. The level of IL-17A was significantly increased and that of TGF-β was significantly decreased in the blood serum of the patients with IBDs. Changes in the cytokine profile in the coproextracts affected the wider spectrum of cytokines. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were increased 6-9-fold, whereas the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased 3-fold. The cytokine balance was shifted to the proinflammatory cytokines. The TGF-β level was increased 9-fold and that of IL-17A was increased 3-fold. Thus, the cytokine profile in the coproextracts was more informative than that of the blood serum. The determination of cytokines in coproextracts is simple and noninvasive.

Bioactivity of Polyphenols: Preventive and Adjuvant Strategies toward Reducing Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—Promises, Perspectives, and Pitfalls

“…However, this process is characterized not only by local inflammation ( Figure 1 ), but by a systemic low chronic inflammation, with increased concentrations of circulating cytokines, especially IL-8, TNF- α , and IL-1 β [ 11 ], and other general markers of inflammation such as C-reactive proteins (CRP) [ 12 ]. It is believed that IBD is mostly triggered and aggravated by TNF- α released from infiltrating immune cells (macrophages), followed by increased concentrations of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-1 β [ 13 ] and possibly IL-12 (especially for CD) and IL-13 (especially UC) [ 14 ], and reduced concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 [ 15 ].…”

Annexin A1 Mimetic Peptide Ac2-26 Modulates the Function of Murine Colonic and Human Mast Cells

“…AnxA1 induces the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in inflammatory conditions ( 25 ), two cytokines that play an important role in the regulation of peripheral intestinal tolerance ( 26 , 27 ). Also, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α may induced the AnxA1 protein expression ( 28 ).…”

Growth and Puberty in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

“…The activity of the adaptive immune system is represented by effector T lymphocytes, regulatory T lymphocytes, and innate lymphoid cells of intestinal mucosa [5,13,14]. Both UC and CD are characterized by the increased and sometimes massive production of Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-6, Interferon γ (IFN-γ), IL-5, and IL-13 [15] (Figure 1). an increase in bacteria that enhance the inflammation have been observed; in particular, it seems that there could be a lower level of Firmicutes and an increase in the presence of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides [11].…”

“…The activity of the adaptive immune system is represented by effector T lymphocytes, regulatory T lymphocytes, and innate lymphoid cells of intestinal mucosa [5,13,14]. Both UC and CD are characterized by the increased and sometimes massive production of Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-6, Interferon γ (IFN-γ), IL-5, and IL-13 [15] (Figure 1). In addition, microRNAs (miRNA) seem to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of IBD because their dysregulation may result in excessive inflammation [16].…”