2004
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01850.x
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Cytokine production in peripheral blood cells during and outside the pollen season in birch‐allergic patients and non‐allergic controls

Abstract: The main finding of our study was the increased percentage of GM-CSF+ monocytes in atopic subjects compared with healthy controls. In allergic patients, natural seasonal pollen exposure resulted in increased numbers of GM-CSF+ cells among both monocytes and CD4+ T cells. We have also shown that a seasonal change in Th2/Th1 cytokine ratio requires an adequate and prolonged allergen stimulation that is seen late in the pollen season.

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Cited by 28 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…The studies regarding allergic rhinitis have indicated that Th1/ Th2 balance had deteriorated because of Th2 increase (10,25,26). In our patients with allergic rhinitis, a strong positive correlation was observed between IgE levels and both IL-4 and IL-10 levels (p<0.05), and a negative correlation was determined between IFN-γ and IgE levels (p<0.05).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 56%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The studies regarding allergic rhinitis have indicated that Th1/ Th2 balance had deteriorated because of Th2 increase (10,25,26). In our patients with allergic rhinitis, a strong positive correlation was observed between IgE levels and both IL-4 and IL-10 levels (p<0.05), and a negative correlation was determined between IFN-γ and IgE levels (p<0.05).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 56%
“…Studies investigating the correlation between 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and allergic rhinitis are available in the literature (10,(23)(24)(25). Sharief et al (27) (29) demonstrated that allergic rhinitis has been observed more often in a vitamin D deficient population.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, IL-4 priming was recently shown to significantly augment selective IL-6 release from hCBMCs stimulated by IL-1 (Kandere-Grzybowska et al 2003). IL-4 is known to play an important role in allergic inflammation because it increases IgE production from B cells (Snapper et al 1991, Spiegelberg 2005; moreover, allergic patients have increased IL-4 production from T cells (Wosinska-Becler et al 2004).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, other work has shown that the Th2:Th1 ratio correlates more reliably with rhinitis symptom scores during the pollen season than the amount of directly measured Th2 cytokines (181,186). This would certainly be in keeping with the theory that a balance of cytokines is more important than absolute values, and is more in keeping with our previous work.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been suggested that a certain degree of allergen stimulation (i.e. a higher pollen count) is required in order to stimulate a Th2 response in peripheral blood, in which case it may be that exposure during the pollen seasons in 2012 was not sufficient to trigger a peripheral blood response (181).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%