Cytokine-like 1 Chemoattracts Monocytes/Macrophages via CCR2

Abstract

Cytokine-like 1 (CYTL1) is a novel potential cytokine that was first identified in CD34+ cells derived from bone marrow and cord blood, and it was also found using our immunogenomics strategy. The immunobiological functions of CYTL1 remain largely unknown, and its potential receptor(s) has not been identified. A previous proposed hypothesis suggested that CYTL1 had structural similarities with CCL2 and that CCR2 was a potential receptor of CYTL1. In this study, we verify that CYTL1 possesses chemotactic activity and demonstrate that its functional receptor is CCR2B using a series of experiments performed in HEK293 cells expressing CCR2B or CCR2B-EGFP, including chemotaxis, receptor internalization, and radioactive binding assays. CYTL1 chemoattracts human monocytes but not PBLs, and its chemotactic activity toward monocytes is dependent on the CCR2B-ERK pathway. Furthermore, both human and mouse recombinant CYTL1 protein have chemotactic effects on macrophages from wild-type mice but not from Ccr2−/− mice. Furthermore, the chemotactic activity of CYTL1 is sensitive to pertussis toxin. All of the above data confirm that CCR2B is a functional receptor of CYTL1.

CCR2 Positive Exosome Released by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppresses Macrophage Functions and Alleviates Ischemia/Reperfusion‐Induced Renal Injury

“…Among the most differently expressed 5 proteins in the MSC-exos compared to the NIH3T3-exos, we were interested in the two C-C motif chemokine receptor proteins, the C-C motif chemokine receptor-1 (CCR1) and CCR2. These receptor proteins are well known as receptors associated with the recruitment and activation of the peripheral monocytes/macrophages [25]. By WB analysis, we found that both the two receptor proteins were highly expressed in the MSC-exos and MSCs, but the CCR2 was much more abundant in the MSC-exos (Figure 1(b)).…”

“…And CCR2 was reported to be associated with the recruitment and activation of the peripheral monocytes/macrophages [25]. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of CCR2 expression on MSC-derived exosomes in macrophage function and renal repairing.…”

Cytokine-Like 1 Regulates Cardiac Fibrosis via Modulation of TGF-β Signaling

“…A comparative modeling study indicated that Cytl1 might exert its function by activating CCR2, the MCP-1 receptor [21]. Purified MCP-1 induced the expression of β-SMA in adult rat cardiac FBs, which was completely blocked by co-incubation with CAS 445379-97-0, a CCR2 antagonist (Fig 6A).…”

LYG1 exerts antitumor function through promoting the activation, proliferation, and function of CD4+ T cells

“…[10][11][12][13][14] In this study, we reported LYG1, another molecule identified using the same strategy. We have verified the secretion of LYG1, purified adequate recombinant protein with high quality and explored the function, both in vitro and in vivo, using rhLYG1 and gene-knockout mice.…”

“…Using this strategy, we have identified several novel cytokines that have different immune modulatory function. [10][11][12][13][14] LYG1 (lysozyme G-like 1) is one of them. LYG1 belongs to the lysozyme G family.…”