Cytokine imbalance in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder

Kim, Yong Ku; Na, Kyeong Sae; Shin, Kyung Ho; Jung, Han Yong; Choi, Sun Ha; Kim, Jung Bum

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.03.004

Cited by 279 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Several population-based studies have indicated that major depression is associated with inflammatory status possibly due to the proinflammatory cytokine-induced mediators which results in serotonergic deficiency [24][25][26] Since chronic renal failure is a well-known state of chronic inflammation, relation between CRP and depression scores is not an unexpected finding. However, studies that evaluated possible association between serum CRP levels and depression in PD patients showed mixed results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum apelin is associated with affective disorders in peritoneal dialysis patients

et al. 2016

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Objective: Depression and anxiety are prevalent affective disorders in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Recent research has proposed a potential role of apelinergic system in pathogenesis of depression. The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of depression and anxiety and their potential relation with serum apelin levels among PD patients. Methods: A total of 40 PD patients were enrolled into the study. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were assessed with the Beck's Depression Inventory and the Beck's Anxiety Inventory. Serum apelin-12 levels were measured by immunoenzymatic assays using commercially available ELISA kit for standard human apelin. Results: Of the patients, 16 (40%) had depression, 20 (50%) had anxiety. The patients with depression and anxiety had a significantly longer time on dialysis (p < 0.001 for both), significantly higher serum apelin (p < 0.001 for both) and C-reactive protein levels (p < 0.001 for both) than those without depression and anxiety. In multivariate analysis, serum apelin was the only parameter associated independently with depression and anxiety scores. Conclusions: A substantial number of PD patients had depression and anxiety. Increased levels of serum apelin may constitute a significant independent predictor of development of depression and anxiety in PD patients. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum apelin is associated with affective disorders in peritoneal dialysis patients

et al. 2016

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“…In particular, treatments directed at the targets identified here have the potential not only to treat depression but also to treat certain medical comorbidities that occur alongside depression. [47,49,170] Interestingly, even traditional antidepressant medications, which putatively work via monoaminergic actions, affect many of the novel targets described here [95,109,128,[171][172][173][174][175][176][177] (see Fig. 1), even though they were not developed with those purposes in mind.…”

Section: Do Stress and Depression Accelerate Cell Aging?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression gets old fast: do stress and depression accelerate cell aging?

et al. 2010

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“…Levels of IL-1B, IL-6, and TNF-α have been reported to be increased in patients suffering from MDD [8] [64].…”

Section: Cytokines In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Immune System in Depression Disorder

Hoseinzadeh¹,

Abadi²,

Agheltar³

et al. 2016

Health

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In order to diagnose a major depressive disorder, patients must have at least 5 depressive symptoms out of 9 criteria, present for at least two weeks. Depressive symptoms include absence of concentration, fatigue and suicidal ideation. The intensity of depression symptoms affects the severity of depression and the degree of the impact on the quality of life. Major depressive disorders (MDD) are defined as a significant health problem, and are estimated to rise in prevalence in the future years. Immune cytokine, associated with major depression for instance, is the interleukin IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) which is defined as pro-inflammatory cytokines, can activate an inflammatory response. The effects of other inflammatory cytokines on the central nervous system are of controversy. There is an increasing interest about the effect of cytokines derived from innate immune system on the brain and behavior. Cytokines are defined as large sized proteins, mainly produced by immune cells. Two subtypes of cytokines exist: pro-inflammatory cytokines, facilitating inflammatory responses and neural activities; and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting inflammatory processes. Besides microglia and astrocytes, immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes also produce cytokines. At the times of immunological alterations, infections or inflammation, cytokines will be in an activated form. The main goal of the current review study is to investigate the role of the immune system in the depression disorder.

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Cytokine imbalance in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder

Cited by 279 publications

References 73 publications

Serum apelin is associated with affective disorders in peritoneal dialysis patients

Serum apelin is associated with affective disorders in peritoneal dialysis patients

Depression gets old fast: do stress and depression accelerate cell aging?

The Role of Immune System in Depression Disorder

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