Cytokine Genotype and Phenotype Effects on Lung Function Decline in Firefighters

Josyula, Arun B.; Kurzius-Spencer, Margaret; Littau, Sally R.; Yücesoy, Berran; Fleming, James L.; Burgess, Jefferey L.

doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e3180322584

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Retrospective analysis of existing database. Josyula et al 2007 [ 41 ] Phoenix, USA 1998 to 2005 Firefighters (67) 38.6 (7.8) W (78), H (10), AA (6), O (6) M (96) F (4) ATS 1987 Self-report questionnaire (not used in analysis) Yucesoy et al 2008 [ 42 ] Phoenix, USA 1988 to 2003 Firefighters (374) M: 31.9 (6.4) F: 29.7 (3.9) M: NHW (76.4), HW (19.5), AA (4.1). F: NHW (100) M (97.3) F (2.7) ATS 1987 None Populations exposed to routine firefighting with non-firefighter controls Sparrow et al 1982 [ 10 ] Boston, USA 1963–68 to 1968–1973 Firefighters (168) d GP controls (1474) d NR NR M Best 1 of 3 ‘acceptable’ tracings (≥4 s with maximal effort) Self-report questionnaire (service time) Horsfield et al 1988 [ 32 ] West Sussex, England NR Firefighters (96) GP controls (69) 32.5 [Range 18–54] e 39.5 [Range 16–63] NR M NR None Hnizdo 2012 [ 43 ] Phoenix, USA 1989 to 2000 Firefighters (965) Paper-pulp mill workers (1286) Construction workers (460) 36.3 (9.3) 36.4 (8.4) 35.4 (8.8) NR M ATS 1994 None.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within these nine studies, four included smoking status in their regression modelling: two studies observed significantly greater declines in both ever-smokers relative to never-smokers (additional 4.7 mL/yr. decline, p = 0.042) [ 42 ] and current smokers relative to non-smokers (Actual difference and p value not reported) [ 31 ], while the two others reported no significant effect [ 40 , 41 ]. One study reported different rates of decline when stratified by occupational exposure, but observed no significant differences in smoking habits between the groups [ 37 ] while the remaining four studies did not report on the longitudinal effect of smoking on lung function [ 30 , 33 , 35 , 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TT genotype at IL-10 SNP 1668 was associated with a significantly lower rate of FEV 1 decline, compared to the AA genotype ( p = 0.023) (based on a subsample of firefighters with IL-10 SNP information; n = 379) (ANOVA 2, 3, 17, 18 ). Josyula et al 2007 [ 41 ] Firefighters 7 ≥4 Simple linear regression 4.16 (0.70) Mix [For; 18, Ev; 12] (100% CurNS) -33 (59) NR Greater baseline FEV 1 and asthma associated with greater FEV 1 decline ( p = .002 and p = .0023, respectively). Weight gain was close to being significantly associated with FEV 1 decline ( p = .05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These five variables as well as a further 20 were included in subsequent modelling to investigate factors that affect the rate of change in lung function (all variables listed in Table 2 ). Overall, noteworthy predictors included weight gain, which was associated with a significantly greater decline in FEV 1 in two studies [ 9 , 46 ] and close to being significant in another [ 41 ], while four studies observed significantly increased or decreased rates of FEV 1 decline based on different variations in gene expressions [ 40 – 42 , 48 ]. One study associated the development of bronchial hyper-reactivity with a significant increase in FEV 1 decline in 9/11-exposed firefighters, while the use of steroids was associated with a less negative rate of change in FEV 1 [ 47 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The long-term rate of change in lung function in urban professional firefighters: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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BackgroundDespite the known occupational hazards, it is not yet clear whether long-term career firefighting leads to a greater rate of decline in lung function than would normally be expected, and how this rate of change is affected by firefighting exposures and other risk/protective factors.MethodsA systematic search of online electronic databases was conducted to identify longitudinal studies reporting on the rate of change in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of forced vital capacity (FVC). Included studies were critically appraised to determine their risk of bias using the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank (RTI-IB) on Risk of Bias and Precision of Observational Studies.ResultsTwenty-two studies were identified for inclusion, from four different countries, published between 1974 and 2016. Examined separately, studies were categorised by the type of firefighting exposure. Firefighters experienced variable rates of decline in lung function, which were particularly influenced by cigarette smoking. The influence of routine firefighting exposures is unclear and limited by the methods of measurement, while firefighters exposed to ‘non-routine’ severe exposures unanimously experienced accelerated declines.ConclusionsThe data provided by longitudinal studies provide an unclear picture of how the rate of change in lung function of firefighters relates to routine exposures and how it compares to the rate of change expected in a working-age population. Non-smoking firefighters who routinely wear respiratory protection are more likely than otherwise to have a normal rate of decline in lung function. Exposure to catastrophic events significantly increases the rate of decline in firefighter lung function but there is limited evidence detailing the effect of routine firefighting. Future studies will benefit from more robust methods of measuring exposure.Trial registrationInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number (CRD42017058499).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The long-term rate of change in lung function in urban professional firefighters: a systematic review

et al. 2018

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“…Every year, wildland fires are responsible for destroying thousands of hectares of forest, leading to the release of substantial amounts of hazardous contaminants and tons of carbon (CO 2 ), which contributes to environmental pollution, promoting a deterioration in air quality and affecting human health [ 1 ]. Emissions of hazardous pollutants due to wildland fires negatively affect air quality, leading to severe risk to health, such as increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood serum [ 2 ], adverse effects on respiratory and cardiovascular health, and, possibly, increased morbidity and premature deaths [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The populations most vulnerable to smoke exposure are the common risk groups: children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with pre-existing cardiopulmonary diseases [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Economic Burden of the 2017 Portuguese Extreme Wildland Fires on Children

Barbosa

Nunes

Alvim-Ferraz

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Wildland fires release substantial amounts of hazardous contaminants, contributing to a decline in air quality and leading to serious health risks. Thus, this study aimed to understand the contributions of the 2017 extreme wildland fires in Portugal on children health, compared to 2016 (with burned area, in accordance with the average of the previous 15 years). The impact of long-term exposure to PM10 and NO2 concentrations, associated with wildland fires, on postneonatal mortality, bronchitis prevalence, and bronchitis symptoms in asthmatic children was estimated, as well as the associated costs. The excess health burden in children attributable to exposure to PM10 and NO2, was calculated based on WHO HRAPIE relative risks. Fire emissions were obtained from the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN). The results obtained indicate that the smoke from wildfires negatively impacts children’s lung function (PM10 exposure: increase of 320 and 648 cases of bronchitis in 2016 and 2017; NO2 exposure: 24 and 40 cases of bronchitis symptoms in asthmatic children in 2016 and 2017) and postneonatal mortality (PM10 exposure: 0.2 and 0.4 deaths in 2016 and 2017). Associated costs were increased in 2017 by around 1 million € for all the evaluated health endpoints, compared to 2016.

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Combustion Toxicology and Implications for Adverse Human Health Effects

Ballantyne¹

2009

General, Applied and Systems Toxicology

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Combustion toxicology is basically concerned with a study of the nature of and potential for adverse health effects with products resulting from the heating and burning of materials. Combustion products are multiple, of a wide range of chemical structures, and are variable in absolute and relative amounts from fire to fire and at different phases in the same fire situation. Depending on the nature of the materials involved in a conflagration, the composition of the smoke produced may result in various acute, short‐term repeated and long‐term adverse consequences. Effects produced include local irritation and tissue injury, incapacitation and systemic toxicity, including lethality. This chapter reviews the incidence and causation of fires, the nature and toxicity of fire atmospheres, factors influencing the generation and effects of combustion products, incapacitating effects, investigation of the toxicological aspects of fires and hazard evaluations. A separate section is devoted to the potential for adverse health effects to fire‐fighters from acute and repeated exposures to fire atmospheres; notably respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive and carcinogenic hazards.

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Cytokine Genotype and Phenotype Effects on Lung Function Decline in Firefighters

Abstract: Cytokine genotypes were associated with the rate of FEV1 decline but did not alter concentrations of sputum cytokine. Increased sputum IL-1RA may be protective.

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

The long-term rate of change in lung function in urban professional firefighters: a systematic review

The long-term rate of change in lung function in urban professional firefighters: a systematic review

Health and Economic Burden of the 2017 Portuguese Extreme Wildland Fires on Children

Combustion Toxicology and Implications for Adverse Human Health Effects

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