Cytokine Generation in Whole Blood, Leukocyte‐Depleted and Temporarily Warmed Red Blood Cell Concentrates

Weisbach, Volker; Wanke, Cornelia; Zingsem, J; Zimmermann, Robert; Eckstein, Reinhold

doi:10.1046/j.1423-0410.1999.7620100.x

Cited by 58 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Several reports on the effects of blood storage have shown significant alteration in RBC membrane integrity and flow properties and significant increase in the levels of free hemoglobin [21,22]. The presence of leukocytes in RBC suspension may also contribute significantly to the increase in hemolysis during storage [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Incubation Conditions for Erythrocytes Osmotic Fragility Testing in Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Islah¹,

Bargaa²,

Youssef³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Research in Environmental Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Incubation Conditions for Erythrocytes Osmotic Fragility Testing in Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Islah¹,

Bargaa²,

Youssef³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Research in Environmental Science

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“…Many red blood cell concentrates are still made this way with the white blood cells left behind as a buffy-coat when the platelet-rich plasma is removed. When these white blood cells are exposed to the acidic conditions of storage and refrigerated, they respond with activation and cytokine production before they die [20]. After they die, the white blood cells break down and release constituents including enzymes such as phospholipase-A2.…”

Section: Standards For Red Blood Cell Storage: Recovery Survival Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current issues relating to the transfusion of stored red blood cells

Zimrin¹,

2009

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The development of blood storage systems allowed donation and transfusion to be separated in time and space. This separation has permitted the regionalization of donor services with subsequent economies of scale and improvements in the quality and availability of blood products. However, the availability of storage raises the question of how long blood products can and should be stored and how long they are safe and effective. The efficacy of red blood cells was originally measured as the increment in haematocrit and safety began with typing and the effort to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Appreciation of a growing list of storage lesions of red blood cells has developed with our increasing understanding of red blood cell physiology and our experience with red blood cell transfusion. However, other than frank haemolysis, rare episodes of bacterial contamination and overgrowth, the reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity associated with the failure of some transfused cells to circulate, and the toxicity of lysophospholipids released from membrane breakdown, storage-induced lesions have not had obvious correlations with safety or efficacy. The safety of red blood cell storage has also been approached in retrospective epidemiologic studies of transfused patients, but the results are frequently biased by the fact that sicker patients are transfused more often and blood banks do not issue blood products in a random order. Several large prospective studies of the safety of stored red blood cells are planned.

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“…[7][8][9] It is believed that these WBCs, upon exposure to the acidic conditions of storage and refrigeration, become activated and release cytokines, which can lead to their delivery at high concentrations during transfusion. 10 In addition, during routine storage of RBCs, lipids accumulate in the plasma fraction that can prime neutrophils, causing neutrophil-mediated cytotoxicity of human pulmonary endothelial cells, which has been implicated as the mechanism of lung injury in transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). 11 Leukoreduction of RBC concentrates after collection results in the removal of WBCs by greater than 3 logs and a decrease in platelets by 4 to 5 logs, as well as marked reduction in some but not all lipids, although it did not prevent neutrophil priming or the ability to induce TRALI in a mouse model.…”

Section: Effect Of Wbc Contamination and Leukoreductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoregulatory Effects of Stored Red Blood Cells

2011

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Some clinical studies have identified potential adverse patient outcomes associated with RBC storage length. This may in part be due to the release of potentially hazardous bioactive products that accumulate during storage and are delivered at high concentrations during transfusion. In this situation, a proinflammatory tissue microenvironment may be established that can alter immunoregulatory mechanisms. This review highlights some of the potential immunomodulatory effects of stored RBCs that may be responsible for adverse transfusion reactions.

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Cytokine Generation in Whole Blood, Leukocyte‐Depleted and Temporarily Warmed Red Blood Cell Concentrates

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

Study of Incubation Conditions for Erythrocytes Osmotic Fragility Testing in Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Study of Incubation Conditions for Erythrocytes Osmotic Fragility Testing in Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Current issues relating to the transfusion of stored red blood cells

Immunoregulatory Effects of Stored Red Blood Cells

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