Cytokine database of stress and metabolic disorders (CdoSM): a connecting link between stress and cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and obesity

IntroductionStress is a pervasive health concern known to induce physiological changes, particularly impacting the vulnerable hippocampus and the morphological integrity of its main residing cells, the hippocampal neurons. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), initially developed to alleviate emotional distress, has emerged as a potential therapeutic/preventive intervention for other stress-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Acute Variable Stress (AVS) on hippocampal neurons and the potential protective effects of EMDR.MethodsRats were exposed to diverse stressors for 7 days, followed by dendritic morphology assessment of hippocampal neurons using Golgi-Cox staining.ResultsAVS resulted in significant dendritic atrophy, evidenced by reduced dendritic branches and length. In contrast, rats receiving EMDR treatment alongside stress exposure exhibited preserved dendritic morphology comparable to controls, suggesting EMDR’s protective role against stressinduced dendritic remodeling.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the potential of EMDR as a neuroprotective intervention in mitigating stress-related hippocampal alterations.

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Gliflozins Have an Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells in a Diabetic and Inflammatory Microenvironment In Vitro

Koch

Fuhrmann

Schubert

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Inflammation is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Inhibition of SGLT-2 by a specific class of drugs, gliflozins, has been shown to reduce inflammation and attenuate the progression of diabetic nephropathy, in addition to its main effect of inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption. We used highly purified human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTCs) as an in vitro model to study the cellular response to a diabetic (high glucose) and inflammatory (cytokines) microenvironment and the effect of gliflozins. In this context, we investigated the influence of SGLT-2 inhibition by empa- and dapagliflozin (500 nM) on the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and ICAM-1). The results clearly indicate an anti-inflammatory effect of both gliflozins. Although induced expression of the four cytokines was only slightly attenuated, there was a clear effect on the expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, a master regulator of cellular responses in inflammation and injury resolution. The induced expression of ICAM-1 mRNA was significantly reduced by approximately 13.5% by empagliflozin and also showed an inhibitory trend with dapagliflozin. However, induced ICAM-1 protein expression was significantly inhibited from 24.71 ± 1.0 ng/mL to 18.81 ± 3.9 (empagliflozin) and 19.62 ± 2.1 ng/mL (dapagliflozin). In conclusion, an additional anti-inflammatory effect of empa- and dapagliflozin in therapeutically observed concentrations was demonstrated in primary human PTCs in vitro.

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Cytokine database of stress and metabolic disorders (CdoSM): a connecting link between stress and cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and obesity

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References 75 publications

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases)

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases)

Visual EMDR stimulation mitigates acute varied stress effects on morphology of hippocampal neurons in male Wistar rats

Gliflozins Have an Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells in a Diabetic and Inflammatory Microenvironment In Vitro

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