Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Profile Characterization of Undifferentiated and Osteoinduced Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Abstract

Bone is the second most manipulated tissue after blood. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may become a convenient source of MSC for bone regenerative protocols. Surprisingly, little is known about the most significant biomolecules these cells produce and release after being osteoinduced. Therefore, the present study aimed at dosing 13 candidates chosen among the most representative cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors within the conditioned media of osteodifferentiated and undifferentiated ASCs. Two acknowledged osteoblastic cell models, that is, MG-63 and SaOs-2 cells, were compared. Notably, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF were highly produced and detectable in ASCs. In addition, while IL-6 and IL-8 seemed to be significantly induced by the osteogenic medium, no such effect was seen for MCP-1 and VEGF. Overall SaOS-2 had a poor expression profile, which may be consistent with the more differentiated phenotype of SaOs-2 compared to ASCs and MG-63. Instead, in maintaining medium, MG-63 displayed a very rich production of IL-12, MCP-1, IP-10, and VEGF, which were significantly reduced in osteogenic conditions, with the only exception of MCP-1. The high expression of MCP-1 and VEGF, even after the osteogenic commitment, may support the usage of ASCs in bone regenerative protocols by recruiting both osteoblasts and osteoclasts of the host.

Angiogenic Activity of Cytochalasin B-Induced Membrane Vesicles of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Several cytokines were detected by Mussano and colleagues in a MSCs culture medium. These included IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, IL-12, G-CSF, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL-2), IP-10, PDGF, bFGF, and VEGF [33]. The authors reported that MSCs produced high levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 (CCL-2), and VEGF [33].…”

“…These included IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, IL-12, G-CSF, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL-2), IP-10, PDGF, bFGF, and VEGF [33]. The authors reported that MSCs produced high levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 (CCL-2), and VEGF [33]. Schinkothe and colleagues reported that human MSCs produced high levels of G-CSF, IL-12p40, IL-17, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4 [34].…”

Cell Secretome: Basic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities for CNS Disorders

“…Both the soluble and the vesicular fractions may act on distinct damaged cells of the nervous system, promoting their survival, angiogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and immunomodulation. This information is based on the articles[85,86].…”

Angiogenic activity of cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles of human mesenchymal stem cells

“…in MSCs culture medium. These included IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, IL-12, G-CSF, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL-2), IP-10, PDGF, bFGF and VEGF [24]. The authors reported that MSCs produced high levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 (CCL-2) and VEGF [24].…”

“…These included IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL10, IL-12, G-CSF, INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1 (CCL-2), IP-10, PDGF, bFGF and VEGF [24]. The authors reported that MSCs produced high levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 (CCL-2) and VEGF [24]. Schinkothe and colleagues reported that human MSCs produced high level of G-CSF, IL-12p40, IL-17, CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4 [25].…”