Cytokine-based immune monitoring

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

Gong

et al. 2017

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin strains expressing mycobacterium antigens Ag85A, CFP10, ESAT-6, GM-CSF and IL-12p70

Dai

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

Gong

et al. 2017

“…Mice deficient in IL-17 exhibit reduced severity of arthritis, and mice with increased IL-17 levels exhibit exacerbated levels of the disease (41,42). Inflammatory cytokines are selectively recruited to the synovial cavity in RA and various relevant cytokines in the synovial tissue were detected in the present study (13,43). IL-1 and TNF-α stimulate the proliferation of FLS to secrete cytokines and prostaglandins, inducing FLS proliferation (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

TlR2 and TlR4 are involved in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts with a medicated serum of asarinin through inhibition of Th1/Th17 cytokines

Dai

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

Asarinin is one of the main active chemical components isolated from Xixin, a Chinese medicine. To investigate the role of asarinin in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the present study investigated the effect of an asarinin-medicated serum on human fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro. An asarinin-medicated serum was generated and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes were isolated from patients with osteoarthritis and RA. The third generation of the rheumatoid synoviocytes was used in the experimental research and the third generation of osteoarthritic synoviocytes was used as control cells. Trypan blue staining was performed to detect the viability of RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). ELISA, reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q) PCR and western blotting were also performed to detect the expression of various cytokines. Additionally, RT-qPCR was employed to detect Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. The results revealed that medicated asarinin serum inhibited the viability of RASFs in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The serum also suppressed the expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, IL-6, TLR2 and TLR4. The inhibitory effect of asarinin drug serum on RASFs may be achieved by inhibition of T helper cell (T h)1/T h 17 cytokines through suppression of TLR2 and TLR4.

“…IL-2 and IFN-γ are the two main cytokines produced by T cells after activation (Millán and Brunet, 2016). We were thus interested whether (-)mycousnine enamine would also have an effect at their expression and formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Derivative of (-)mycousnine Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Mycosphaerella nawae, Exhibits High and Selective Immunosuppressive Activity on T Cells

Chen

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

An endophytic fungus, Mycosphaerella nawae ZJLQ129, was isolated from the leaves of the traditional Chinese medicine Smilax china. From the fermentation broth and mycelium, a dibenzofurane compound (-)mycousnine (1) was isolated. Chemical modification of it to the amide derivative (-)mycousnine enamine (2), which is new to science, was found to have high and selective immunosuppressive activity: similar to cyclosporin A, (-)mycousnine enamine (2) selectively inhibited T cell proliferation, suppressed the expression of the surface activation antigens CD25 and CD69 and the formation and expression of the cytokines interleukin-2 as well as interferon γ in activated T cells, but did not show any effect on the proliferation of B cells and cancer cells (PANC-1 and A549) and the activation of macrophages. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of (-)mycousnine enamine was lower than that of cyclosporin A, and its therapeutic index (TC50/EC50) was 4,463.5, which is five-fold higher than that of cyclosporin A. We conclude that (-)mycousnine enamine (2), the semi-synthestic product prepared from the native product (-)mycousnine (1) of the endophyte M. nawae is a novel effective immunosuppressant showing low toxicity and high selectivity.