Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Spectra of Tissue Extracts From Tonsils of Children With Hypertrophy and Chronic Tonsillitis

Abstract

The aim: To compare the content of α and γ–interferons, interleukins 1β ,4, 10, IgA, IgG, as well as the level of the general forms of immune complexes in tissue extracts from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. Materials and methods: We studied tonsils of 25 children aged 5-12 years with hypertrophy of palatine tonsils (HPT) and with chronic tonsillitis (CT). The content of α and γ – interferons, interleukins 1β, 4, 10, IgA, IgG in tonsil extract was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Immune complexes were determined using sedimentary test (3.75% solution of polyethylene glycol). Results: In tissue extracts from tonsils with CT, there is a predominance of inflammation factors, potential sensitization, and the development of immunopathological reactions. The presence of inflammation is indicated by elevated levels of interleukin-1β, immunoglobulin G. High levels of interleukin-4 may indicate that both HPT and CT have a tendency to increase sensitization to microbial and other antigens. Conclusion: The results indicate a significant difference in the qualitative and quantitative state of inflammation factors and allergy in case of HPT and CT. In tonsils with CT, there predominate both simple and allergic inflammations, as well as immunopathological reactions.

The Role of Cytokines in the Pathophysiology of Recurrent Tonsillitis

“…The existence of Th1-type cytokines as IFN-γ and TNF-α is found to be higher in recurrent tonsillitis group when it is compared with hypertrophic tonsil group by Todorović et al 1 Bredun et al also found that the content of proinflammatory-IL-1β is significantly higher in chronic tonsillitis. 11 We did not find any differences related expression IL-1, also TNF-α, IL-15, and IL-6.…”

“…Some authors believe that hypertrophy of palatine tonsils and tonsillitis significantly differs in nonspecific immunity and inflammation. 11 This study compared the expression of interleukin (IL)-1 α and β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokines between recurrent tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsil tissues.…”

Modern Views on the Tonsillar Problem

“…Besides, tonsils of Waldeyer's ring can form both, primary and secondary levels of protection, as practically all types of interleukins, interferons, lymphotoxin, tumour necrosis factor, platelet-derived growth factor are separated from the tonsils' tissues. There was also determined a range of cytokines that have as a factor of inhibiting microphages and leucocytes -MIF and LIF, transfer-factor, that can delay hypersensitivity to antigens and enhance antigen response [15].…”