Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression profiles in BALF cells isolated from pigs single infected or co-infected with swine influenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica

Kowalczyk, Andrzej; Pomorska‐Mól, Małgorzata; Kwit, Krzysztof; Pejsak, Z.; Rachubik, J.; Markowska-Daniel, Iwona

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.012

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, in pigs infected with both viruses, the IL-10 transcript level was significantly upregulated at 4 dpi compared to PRRSV-infected pigs and at 21 dpi compared to controls. In a previous study in which the same swine influenza virus subtype (H1N1) was used for inoculation, no changes in mRNA expression of IL-10 in SIV-infected pigs were demonstrated (16). These results imply that there is a positive synergistic interaction between the viruses in respect to IL-10 mRNA expression in concomitant infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In co-infected pigs, the same trend of IFN-γ expression profile was found. SIV infection is known to induce several inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ (3,15,16,24). Therefore, it can be hypothesised that PRRSV could affect SIV-induced IFN-γ production in the BALF cells of pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study in co-infected pigs, no significant differences of IL-8 expression were observed at any of the time points. Previously, swine influenza virus coinfection with Bordetella bronchiseptica resulted in a considerable upregulation of IL-8 expression compared to its expression in single viral or bacterial infection, and pneumonia induced by SIV was associated with production of IL-8 (16,18). It can be hypothesised that PRRSV impairs SIV-induced proinflammatory cytokine production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proinflammatory cytokine changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated from pigs infected solely with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or co-infected with swine influenza virus

Czyżewska‐Dors¹,

Pomorska‐Mól

Dors³

et al. 2019

Journal of Veterinary Research

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IntroductionThe study evaluated the patterns of local innate immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) alone or co-infected with swine influenza virus (SIV).Material and MethodsThe study was performed on 26 seven-week-old pigs in three groups: PRRSV-infected (n = 11), PRRSV and SIV-infected (n = 11), and control (n = 4). BALF was collected post euthanasia at 2 and 4 dpi (three piglets per inoculated group) and at 21 dpi (all remaining pigs). Expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA was quantified in BALF cells. PRRSV RNA was quantified in BALF samples using a commercial real-time RT-PCR kit.ResultsThe three cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β presented significant expression changes in all experimental pigs. In PRRSV-infected animals IL-8 also did, but in co-infected subjects IL-6 and IL-10 were the additional upregulated cytokines. The highest number of differentially expressed genes was observed at 4 dpi, and significant differences in cytokine gene expression did not occur between the experimental groups at any other time point. The mean PRRSV load in the BALF of PRRSV-infected pigs was higher than that of co-infected pigs at each time point, having statistical significance only at 4 dpi.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate that infection with PRRSV alone as well as with SIV interferes with innate and adaptive immune response in the infected host. They also showed that co-infection demonstrates additive effects on IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proinflammatory cytokine changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated from pigs infected solely with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or co-infected with swine influenza virus

Czyżewska‐Dors¹,

Pomorska‐Mól

Dors³

et al. 2019

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…The most common pathogens involved in the disease are swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), Pasteurella multocida (Pm), and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) ( 22 ). It has been shown that bacterial-viral co-infections can exacerbate the pathogenicity of respiratory diseases ( 17 , 23 , 26 , 28 ). SIV, an aetiological agent of swine influenza (SI), is considered a primary pathogen, able to cause the disease in single-infected animals, but it can also act simultaneously with other agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig lung immune cytokine response to the swine influenza virus and the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection

Czyżewska‐Dors

Dors

Kwit

et al. 2017

Journal of Veterinary Research

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IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the local innate immune response to the swine influenza virus (SIV) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) infection in pigs.Material and MethodsThe study was performed on 37 seven-week-old pigs, divided into four groups: App-infected (n=11), App+SIV-infected (n=11), SIV-infected (n=11), and control (n=4). Lung samples were collected, following euthanasia, on the 2nd and 4th dpi (three piglets per inoculated group) and on the 10th dpi (remaining inoculated and control pigs). Lung concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-α, and IFN-γ were analysed with the use of commercial porcine cytokine ELISA kits.ResultsLung concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-γ were induced in SIV-infected and App+SIV-infected pigs. In the lung tissue of App-infected pigs, only concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ were elevated. Additionally, in App+SIV-infected pigs, significantly greater concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8, and IFN-α were found when compared with pigs infected with either SIV or App alone. In each tested group, the lung concentration of IL-10 remained unchanged during the entire study.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate that the experimental infection of pigs with SIV or App alone and co-infection with both pathogens induced a local lung inflammatory response. However, the local cytokine response was considerably higher in co-infected pigs compared to single-infected pigs.

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“…After necropsy, small fragments (about 0,5 cm) of the spleen tissue were collected and maintained as described by Frandoloso et al (2013). In parallel, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was sampled, according to Kowalczyk et al (2014). Briefly, each lung was washed twice with PBS, the cell suspension was filtered with cell strainers (70 μm) (Fisher Scientific, Madrid, Spain) and centrifuged at 300 × g for 5 min, and the resulting pellet was counted.…”

Section: Quantitative Rt-pcr (Qpcr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A vaccine based on a mutant transferrin binding protein B of Haemophilus parasuis induces a strong T-helper 2 response and bacterial clearance after experimental infection

Martínez-Martínez

Frandoloso

Ferri

et al. 2016

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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This study aimed to characterize the type of immune response induced by an experimental vaccine based on a mutant Haemophilus parasuis transferrin binding protein (Tbp) B (Y167A) defective in its ability to bind porcine transferrin. Clinical and pathological signs, bacterial clearance, antibody response and the cytokine profile in alveolar macrophages and spleen after the vaccination and challenge of twenty-two colostrum-deprived pigs with 10(8) CFU of H. parasuis were analysed. Pigs vaccinated with Y167A were compared to those vaccinated with native TbpB (nTbpB), those treated with a commercial bacterin (CB) against Glässer's disease, those unvaccinated challenged (CH) and those unvaccinated unchallenged (UNCH) pigs. The rectal temperatures of Y167A pigs resembled those of UNCH pigs and were significantly lower than those of the nTbpB, CB and CH animals. A major reduction in pathological changes of the challenged pigs was observed in the Y167A group. H. parasuis was cleared from 88.9% of the samples from Y167A pigs versus 60.0% and 55.6% from those of the CB and nTbpB groups, respectively. The antibody response elicited by Y167A by ELISA was notably higher than that observed for nTbpB and CB pigs and was capable of preventing the expression and secretion of IL-8. The expression of IL-4 and IL-5, which were associated with the specific antibody levels, suggests that the main mechanism of protection conferred by Y167A vaccine is based on a strong T-helper 2 response.

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Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression profiles in BALF cells isolated from pigs single infected or co-infected with swine influenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Proinflammatory cytokine changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated from pigs infected solely with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or co-infected with swine influenza virus

Proinflammatory cytokine changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated from pigs infected solely with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or co-infected with swine influenza virus

Pig lung immune cytokine response to the swine influenza virus and the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection

A vaccine based on a mutant transferrin binding protein B of Haemophilus parasuis induces a strong T-helper 2 response and bacterial clearance after experimental infection

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