Cytokeratins in hepatitis

Yılmaz, Yusuf

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2011.09.002

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…CKs comprise at least 20 members that are classified into two categories: The acidic type I group (CK9-CK20) and the neutral-basic type II group (CK1-CK8). Type I CKs are co-expressed with type II CKs to form heterodimers ( 12 – 13 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunofluorescence analysis of cytokeratin 8/18 staining is a sensitive assay for the detection of cell apoptosis

2015

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Apoptosis is one of the major types of programmed cell death. During this process, cells experience a series of morphological and biochemical changes. Flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V staining of cell surface phosphatidylserine, in combination with a DNA-staining dye to probe the permeability of the cell membrane, is an established method for detecting apoptosis. The present study aimed to show that the immunofluorescence analysis of cytokeratin (CK) 8/18 staining may provide a new and sensitive assay for the detection of apoptotic cells. Tumor cells were treated with 20 μM cisplatin to induce apoptosis. Following 12 and 24 h of cisplatin treatment, cells were collected and stained with 4′,6-diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) and fluorescein-labeled anti-CK8/18 antibody. The apoptotic cells were subsequently examined by fluorescence microscopy. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometric analysis confirmed that cisplatin was able to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that apoptotic cells had a distinct CK8/18 staining pattern. In living cells, CK8/18 was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm and cytosol; however in the apoptotic cells with a condensed and/or fragmented apoptotic nucleus (as identified by DAPI staining), fluorescein-labeled anti-CK8/18 antibody exhibited unusual punctate and/or bubbly staining in the cytosol. In the apoptotic cells that could not be identified by DAPI staining, fluorescein-labeled CK8/18 displayed polarized aggregated staining in the cytosol. These results indicate that fluorescein-conjugated CK8/18 may be a useful and sensitive indicator of cell apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunofluorescence analysis of cytokeratin 8/18 staining is a sensitive assay for the detection of cell apoptosis

2015

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“…Various parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis have been reported to be useful for the noninvasive diagnosis of NASH [46] . Interest in cytokeratin in viral and nonviral hepatitis has been rapidly increasing during recent years, especially as proposed circulating biomarkers of hepatic necrosis and apoptosis [47] . Among those, circulating levels of cytokeratin-18 (CK18) fragments have been investigated extensively as novel biomarkers for the presence of steatohepatitis in patients with NAFLD.…”

Section: For Nashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Sumida

Nakajima

Itoh

2014

WJG

495

410

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It is estimated that 30% of the adult population in Japan is affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty changes of the liver are generally diagnosed using imaging methods such as abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), but the sensitivity of these imaging techniques is low in cases of mild steatosis. Alanine aminotransferase levels may be normal in some of these patients, warranting the necessity to establish a set of parameters useful for detecting NAFLD, and the more severe form of the disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing progressive NASH, it has many drawbacks, such as sampling error, cost, and risk of complications. Furthermore, it is not realistic to perform liver biopsies on all NAFLD patients. Diagnosis of NASH using various biomarkers, scoring systems and imaging methods, such as elastography, has recently been attempted. The NAFIC score, calculated from the levels of ferritin, fasting insulin, and type IV collagen 7S, is useful for the diagnosis of NASH, while the NAFLD fibrosis score and the FIB-4 index are useful for excluding NASH in cases of advanced fibrosis. This article reviews the limitations and merits of liver biopsy and noninvasive diagnostic tests in the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH.

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“…It cannot, however, be taken as NAFLD's sole diagnostic tool. 29 It has been reported that among cases with normal liver function tests (LFT), 70-80% of subjects with central obesity and around 50-80% with type 2 diabetes have evidence of NAFLD on imaging. Hence dismissing patients as normal based on LFT will lead to mismanagement of NAFLD/NASH.…”

Section: Liver Function Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Geetika

2016

J Pathol Nep

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Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is the deposition of fat in liver in absence of excessive of alcohol consumption. Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ranges from simple steatosis to Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Most cases (90%) of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease have simple steatosis with benign prognosis. Ten to thirty percent of Non -Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease progresses to NASH and 25-40% of Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis undergoes progressive liver fibrosis.Ultimately 20-30% of Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis will go into cirrhosis during their lifetime. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis has higher chances of (2.6% per year) going into hepatocellular carcinoma. There are several risk factors noted for Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Some of which includes increasing age, metabolic syndrome, dietary factors etc. Investigations regarding liver function test can be divided into invasive and noninvasive types. Under invasive procedures comes liver biopsy and non-invasive includes radiological tests and various biochemical tests. This article tries to analyze different scoring systems and their significance in diagnosing steatohepatitis and fibrosis.

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Cytokeratins in hepatitis

Cited by 6 publications

References 86 publications

Immunofluorescence analysis of cytokeratin 8/18 staining is a sensitive assay for the detection of cell apoptosis

Immunofluorescence analysis of cytokeratin 8/18 staining is a sensitive assay for the detection of cell apoptosis

Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Diagnosis of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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