Cytokeratins and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

Sundström, Birgitta; Stigbrand, Torgny

doi:10.1177/172460089400900207

Cited by 63 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The nuclear fraction (N) contained polypyrimidine tract binding proteinassociated splicing factor and nucleolin, proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and RNA maturation (27,28), as well as structural proteins. The NM and U fractions contained proteins found in the cell cytoskeleton and intermediate filaments, such as actin (29), myosin (30), keratins (31,32), and vimentin (32), as well as classical NM proteins such as lamins (21) and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H (33).…”

Section: In Situ Cell Fractionation Effectively and Efficiently Separmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen Receptor Is Targeted to Distinct Subcellular Compartments in Response to Different Therapeutic Antiandrogens

Whitaker

Hanrahan²,

Totty³

et al. 2004

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: Antiandrogens are routinely used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Although they are known to prevent activation of the androgen receptor (AR), little is known about the mechanisms involved. This report represents the first study of the localization of wild-type AR following expression at physiologic relevant levels in prostate cells and treatment with androgen and antiandrogens.Experimental Design: We have characterized a cellular model for prostate cancer using in situ cellular fractionation, proteomics, and confocal microscopy and investigated the effect of antiandrogens in clinical use on the subcellular localization of the AR.Results: Different antiandrogens have diverse effects on the subcellular localization of the AR. Treatment with androgen results in translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm, whereas the antiandrogens hydroxyflutamide and bicalutamide lead to reversible association with the nuclear matrix. In contrast, treatment with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate results in AR association with cytoplasmic membranes and irreversible retention within the cytoplasm. In addition, we demonstrate that AR translocation requires ATP and the cytoskeleton, regardless of ligand.Conclusions: These results reveal that not all antiandrogens work via the same mechanism and suggest that an informed sequential treatment regime may benefit prostate cancer patients. The observed subnuclear and subcytoplasmic associations of the AR suggest new areas of study to investigate the role of the AR in the response and resistance of prostate cancer to antiandrogen therapy.

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Section: In Situ Cell Fractionation Effectively and Efficiently Separmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen Receptor Is Targeted to Distinct Subcellular Compartments in Response to Different Therapeutic Antiandrogens

Whitaker

Hanrahan²,

Totty³

et al. 2004

Clinical Cancer Research

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“…Soluble cytokeratin fragments, released by tumour cell necrosis, can be detected in the blood or urine of patients with bladder cancer. CYFRA 21-1 detects soluble fragments of CK19 (Senga et al, 1996;Stieber et al, 1996), and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) detects soluble fragments of CK8, CK18 and CK19 (Maulard et al, 1994;Sundstrom and Stigbrand, 1994). Serum CYFRA 21-1 and TPA levels do not increase after endoscopic resection of bladder tumours (Maulard et al, 1994;Senga et al, 1996), suggesting the absence of any significant vascular passage of cell debris during resection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of transurethral resection and cystoprostatectomy on dissemination of epithelial cells in the circulation of patients with bladder cancer

et al. 1999

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Transurethral resection of exophytic bladder tumours (TURT) is the first step in the management of bladder cancer. The procedure confirms the diagnosis and provides important prognostic information, including grading and staging of the disease. During endoscopy, the tumour and underlying muscle are resected. This procedure, performed under continuous irrigation, can lead to passage of the irrigating fluid, accompanied by benign and/or malignant epithelial cell suspensions, into the peripheral circulation, facilitated by inevitable venous breaches during resection, and by transient elevations of the intravesical pressure during resection (Hahn, 1995). Theoretically, this may contribute to disease progression, invasion and metastases as has been suggested in other malignancies, including breast and prostate cancer during open surgical excision which has been shown to induce passage of normal and malignant epithelial cells into the peripheral circulation (Eschwège et al, 1995;Choy and McCulloch, 1996; Oeflein et al, 1996). To our knowledge, however, haematogenous dissemination of epithelial cells during endoscopic resection of bladder cancer or during cystoprostatectomy has not been studied previously.The aim of our study was to evaluate prospectively the risk of haematogenous dissemination of epithelial cells following transurethral resection and cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS PatientsThirty-three patients were studied. Two were thought to have malignant disease in the bladder, but were found to have non-specific inflammation (n = 1) and schistosomiasis (n = 1) with no evidence of malignancy. Thirty-one consecutive patients had different stages and grades of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 25 of whom required transurethral resection of their bladder tumour. Of those, 20 had superficial disease (pTaG1-G2: n = 19; pT1G2: n = 1), all tumours being single or multifocal with a total fresh weight less than 5 g, and no post-operative haemorrhagic complications; and five had muscle invasive tumours (pT2G3: n = 2; pT3aG3: n = 1; pT4G3: n = 2). Five of the remaining cancer patients underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for muscle invasive cancers (pT2G3: n = 3; pT3bG3: n = 1; pT4G3: n = 1). The final patient who was analysed received a radical cystoprostatectomy 6 months earlier for a pT4G3 tumour, and developed pelvic recurrence and skeletal metastases. He was treated with systemic chemotherapy. Sample collection and preparationVenous blood samples (10 ml) were obtained by venepuncture from the antecubital fossa in every patient before surgery, and between 1 and 2 h after completion of the procedure. In the patient with known metastatic disease, blood samples were obtained prior to administration of chemotherapy. Summary This study was undertaken to evaluate the risk of haematogenous dissemination of epithelial cells induced by endoscopic resection and/or cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Thirty-three patients were studied. Thirty-one had d...

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“…8. 18 and 19 are found (Moll et al 1982: Bodenmuller et al 1994 (Moll et al 1983: Sundstrom et al 1994.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

CYFRA 21-1 serum levels in women with adnexal masses and inflammatory diseases

Tempfer

Hefler²,

Heinzl³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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Cytokeratins and Tissue Polypeptide Antigen

Cited by 63 publications

References 25 publications

Androgen Receptor Is Targeted to Distinct Subcellular Compartments in Response to Different Therapeutic Antiandrogens

Androgen Receptor Is Targeted to Distinct Subcellular Compartments in Response to Different Therapeutic Antiandrogens

The effects of transurethral resection and cystoprostatectomy on dissemination of epithelial cells in the circulation of patients with bladder cancer

CYFRA 21-1 serum levels in women with adnexal masses and inflammatory diseases

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