Cytogenetics of Tephrosia II. Mutagenic effect of single, pre- and postirradiation treatments with EMS and MMS in Tephrosia purpurea.

Srivastav, P. K.; Raina, S. N.

doi:10.1508/cytologia.46.709

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Furthermore, the study has highlighted the remarkable efficiency of combined mutagens: gamma rays + EMS, in inducing transgressive micro-mutations for morphine content (0.98 % against 0.64 of the control) and chlorophyll and other visible mutations in opium poppy. The investigation corroborates the earlier work of GAUL (1958) and SRIVASTAVA and RAINA (1981) who demonstrated the high effectiveness of physical or chemical mutagens by combining them with another of a similar or a different nature as pre, post or simultaneous treatment. It is worth mentioning that the practical outcomes: twelve high-yielding micro-mutants and four macromutants from this mutagenesis work have been advanced to the M4 generation and assessed for their alkaloid productivity on a commercial scale (CHAUHAN 1989).…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Mutagenic Effects of Combined and Single Doses of Gamma Rays and EMS in Opium Poppy*

Chauhan

Patra

1993

Plant Breeding

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Mutagenic effects of gamma rays and EMS usmg both single and combined dosages were examined in opium poppy {Papaver somniferum L.). For inducing both macro-and micro-mutations in the present study, combined mutagenic doses, especially 5 kR + 0.4 % EMS appeared to be greatly superior to all single doses of the two mutagens: gamma rays and EMS. The lowest dose of combined mutagen (5 kR -I-0.2 % EMS) was about twenty times more effective than the most effective dose (15 kR) of gamma rays and twice as effective as the most effective concentration (0.4 %) of EMS. The combined dose 5 kR + 0.4 % EMS enhanced morphine content (%) to 0.98 as against 0.64 in the control. In accordance with earlier findings (GAUL 1964) the study revealed a correlation between induced macro-and micromutations.In the opium poppy {Papaver somniferum L.) a familiar plant of immense pharmaceutical interests for alkaloids, especially morphine, it has been documented that evolving better genotype with a higher morphine content potential is possible through induced mutagenesis (GiLLE et al. 1985, GHIORGHITA et al. 1986, PATRA and CHAUHAN 1990. Even so, the =• • GIMAP Publication No. 1016 opium poppy has not yet been studied for its response to combined mutagens and the following study was thus undertaken to investigate the comparative mutagenic effects of gamma rays, EMS and their combination.Dry seeds, standardized for moisture content at 12 %, were irradiated with gamma rays from a ^°Go source. The doses administered were 50, 150 and 200 Gy (5, 15 and 20 kR, respectively). For the chemical mutagenic treatment the solution of EMS was prepared in a phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. The seeds were presoaked for 12 h in distilled water, then soaked in a solution of EMS for 6 h at the concentrations 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 % v/v. Gombined treatment was accomplished by making consecutive uses of gamma rays (5 kR) and EMS (6 h treatment). The irradiated material was sown in the field immediately after treatment, whereas the seeds treated with EMS and combined mutagen (gamma rays + EMS) were thoroughly washed in running water before sowing. The M] populations raised from treated seeds (600 seeds/treatment) comprised 266 to 500 seedlings/ treatment at the seedling stage. After thinning, a total of 60 plants was maintained in each M) population. A total of 30 M2 families were raised from selfed seeds of 30 randomly-selected normal looking M] plants marked as a "selected group" of plants. At the same time, nine M2 bulk populations were raised from the nine treatments in Mj by mixing together some selfed seeds of "selected" and "unselected" normal-looking M, plants in each treatment. The M2 families were studied periodically for chlorophyll U.S. Copynght Clearance Center Code Statement: 01 79-9541/93/1004-0343$02.50/0 Mutagenic Effects in Opium Poppy 343 atid other visible mutatioiis until the crop was harvested. Mutation frequency was estimated as per cent M, families segregating (Mi plant basis) and also as mutations in per cent of M^ plants (M_, plant basis). Mutage...

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confidence: 90%

Mutagenic Effects of Combined and Single Doses of Gamma Rays and EMS in Opium Poppy*

Chauhan

Patra

1993

Plant Breeding

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“…Pusa Ruby showed a greater sensitivity to the NMU and EMS treatments, compared to the CO.2. It has been noted that the fequency of meiotic abnormalities show a linear relationship with concentration of the chemical mutagens (Tyagi and Das 1975, Mann 1977, Srivastav and Raino 1981. However, a non-linear relationship between the dosage of EMS and chromosome aberration rate was noted for some plant species (Auerbach and Kilbey 1971, Wanjari and Kutarekar 1977, Therrien and Grant 1984.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of NMU and EMS on chromosomal behaviour of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. during meiosis.

Jayabalan

Rao

1987

CYTOLOGIA

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Meiosis is complex process, which ensures the reduction of chromosomes number and genetic recombination through cytological phenomenon such as homologous chromosome pairing, formation and maintenance of chiasmata, disjunction of bivalents etc. (Kitada et al. 1983). The degree of meiotic abnormalities, being a dependable measure for estimating the effect of mutagen in the immediate generation, has been utilized by several workers (Grant and Harney 1960, Razarietelva et al. 1970, Kuvcera 1972, Mashnenkov and Golubouskaya 1980, Salnikova and Dosmailova 1979, Verma and Raina 1982 to ascertain the mutagenecity of some chemical mutagens on different crop plants. The present study has been undertaken to assess the effect of NMU and EMS on the meiotic behaviour of CO.2 and Pusa Ruby. Materials and methodsA stock of plants were raised from selfed seeds collected from a single plant of CO.2 and Pusa Ruby-two cultivars of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. The plants were grown under uniform experimental conditions in the botanical garden of the Bharathidasan University, Tiruchy.For each concentration, three samples of 100 seeds each were taken, along with the control. The concentrations of EMS and NMU were prepared in sodium phosphate buffer solution pH 7.0. The concentrations of EMS used were 10mM, 20mM, 30mM, 40mM and 50mM., while that of NMU ranged from 1mM to 5mM in 1mM increments. Since the imbibition period was 8 hours, the seeds were soaked in distilled water for 8 hours and in mutagens for 4 hours. The treated seeds were then washed in running water for 30 minutes and were sown in field along with controls.At the time of blooming, flower buds of appropriate age were collected at random from 10 M, plants per treatment and fixed in Carnoy's fluid (Swaminathan et al. 1954). Meiosis was studied in squashes of 500 pollen mother cells (PMCs) of each stage. The slides permanet ly fixed using the butyl alcohol schedule of Bhaduri and Ghosh (1954). Pollen sterility was estimated per 2,000 pollen grains for each plant on the basis of stainability with Alexander's stain (1969). Five flowers were selected from each plant for estimating pollen fertility. A total of 20,000 pollen grains were scored per treatment. Results and discussionIn the controls, meiosis at metaphase I was normal with 12 bivalents (Fig. 1), of which an average 8-10 were ring bivalents and the remainders were rods. At diakinesis, the frequency of chiasmata per bivalent was 1.8 in CO.2 and 1.94 in Pusa Ruby.Meiosis of plants in the M1 generation was highly irregular (Tables 1, 2) and the abnor malites (Figs. 2-6) observed in both varieties were similar. Hence a common description is

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“…It has been documented in several previous findings that higher doses of gamma radiation (Verma and Khan 2016) and EMS (Kumar and Chaudhary 2015) lead to MN induction. The mutation frequency may either increase or decrease when physical and chemical mutagens act independently of each other or compete for the same sites (Srivastav and Raina 1981). Efficiency of physical or chemical mutagen by combining gamma rays and EMS has been significantly worked by Jayabalan and Rao (1988) in tomato where combination led to genetic variation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nuclear Polymorphism Induced Genomic Instability in Cluster Bean [<i>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</i> (L.) Taub.] (Fabaceae)

Kumar

Singh

2018

CYTOLOGIA

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Several environmental and mutagenic factors lead to induce nuclear polymorphism like micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds. MN are the disintegrated partitioned nuclear or chromosomal fragment. Their occurrence is indicator of genomic instability or chromosomal turmoil. Combined mutagenic treatment of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) was experienced to induce formation of MN and nuclear buds in cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub]. A considerable proportion of microcells was also encountered that display future fate of micronuclei in the cell. A peculiar correlation with this nuclear polymorphism was experienced on the presence of bridges and laggards at anaphase I and II stages. Frequency of bridges and laggards were collinear to the combined mutagenic action. Pollen viability was also examined through pollen fertility percentage to inculcate effects of the nuclear incineration on the viability of pollen and the results depicted a dose dependent decline in pollen fertility.

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Cytogenetics of Tephrosia II. Mutagenic effect of single, pre- and postirradiation treatments with EMS and MMS in Tephrosia purpurea.

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Mutagenic Effects of Combined and Single Doses of Gamma Rays and EMS in Opium Poppy*

Mutagenic Effects of Combined and Single Doses of Gamma Rays and EMS in Opium Poppy*

Effect of NMU and EMS on chromosomal behaviour of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. during meiosis.

Nuclear Polymorphism Induced Genomic Instability in Cluster Bean [<i>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba</i> (L.) Taub.] (Fabaceae)

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