CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF
            <i>NOCARDIA CORALLINA</i>
            ,

Webb, Robert B.; Clark, J. B.

doi:10.1128/jb.74.1.31-42.1957

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Nocardia corallina isolated by Batt & Woods (1951) was maintained on glucose-yeast extract-agar slants at 2 "C. Liquid cultures were grown in I 1 cleated flasks (Corman et al 1957) containing 300 ml of medium by incubating at 30 "C with rotary shaking at 140 rev./min. Cleated flasks were used to improve the efficiency of aeration and to disperse clumps which form in liquid cultures of N. corallina (Webb & Clark, 1957;Clark, 1958).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This organism shows a high degree of biochemical versatility in the range of substrates it can oxidize (Midwinter, 1962). It is capable of growth on compounds commonly present in soils which contain decaying plant and animal matter (Tepper & Karyagina,I 966), grows relatively slowly, demonstrates a low rate of endogenous metabolism (Midwinter & Batt, 1960) and appears to be somewhat resistant to starvation (Webb & Clark, 1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of Nocardia corallina and Degradation of Constituents during Starvation

Robertson

Batt

1973

Journal of General Microbiology

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The survival of Nocardia corallina and the degradation of constituents were examined during periods of starvation. Organisms were harvested at the end of the growth phase and were starved, after resuspending in phosphate buffer containing Mg2+, with vigorous aeration at 30 "C. Viability fell gradually to 50 % over a period of 480 h. After 48 h of starvation the dry weight of the organisms was reduced by 35 % and the Qo, was decreased from I o to approximately I. The fall in dry weight coincided with a decrease of microbial polysaccharide from 25 % to 7 % of the initial dry weight. After this degradation of polysaccharide there was a decrease in microbial protein and a release of ammonia into the supernatant. The contribution of different constituents to the total decrease in dry weight during a period of 240 h starvation was; polysaccharide, 40 %; protein, 25 %; RNA, 6 %; total fatty acids, 5 %. Loss of viability could not be directly correlated with the utilization of any particular constituent.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Nocardia corallina and Degradation of Constituents during Starvation

Robertson

Batt

1973

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…If comparative studies are made be- tween uninuclear and multinuclear units of the same culture, however, useful information can be obtained. This is illustrated by the work of Webb and Clark (1957). In N .…”

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confidence: 96%

“…This theory has been successfully used in a study on N . corallinu (Clark and LVebb, 1057) and helped establish the life cycle in this organism (Webb and Clark, 1957). This theory is based on the inheritable nature of radiation damage that leads to cellular inactivation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Radiation as a Cytogenetic Tool*

Clark

1959

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Microbial growth on hydrocarbons: Role of flocs

Kulkarni

Barnett

1979

Biotech & Bioengineering

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There have been several recent studies to determine the controlling mechanism for the growth of microorganisms on hydrocarbons. 1 , n , 7 -9 While experimental results are in broad agreement, the proposed mechanisms are often in contradiction. A recent paper by Mallee and Blanch' is an excellent review of the suggested mechanisms. They also propose a new model for the transport of hydrocarbon based on these mechanisms. The basic aspect of their model is in agreement with the micelle model;? that the actual form of hydrocarbon, when it is assimilated by the microorganism, is that of a submicron sized particle. The cells elaborate lipophilic materials that act upon the hydrocarbon substrate to produce micelles; the large hydrocarbon droplets essentially serving only as hydrocarbon reservoirs.'While flocs play an important role in hydrocarbon transport to cells, Mallee and Blanch's assumption that hydrocarbon uptake is restricted only to cells that are part of a floc is questionable. A floc, by Mallee and Blanch's definition, may range from one cell and one substrate droplet to an entity containing many cells, substrate droplets, and air bubbles. Hence it excludes cell-and hydrocarbon-containing micelle combinations, which may or may not be a part of the floc.Owing to agitation, the flocs are continually being broken and reformed, during which many of the single cells may not become a part of the floc, but instead, freely exist outside the floc. Similarly, the extracellular products responsible for the micelle formation are present in the medium outside the flocs. These free cells will interact with submicron micelles formed by extracellular products in the broth. Since hydrocarbon is available in submicron micelles, it can be utilized by any cell, whether it is part of a floc or not. At high rates of agitation flocs are broken up as they become unstable, and the contribution of cells outside the flocs to hydrocarbon uptake could become significant, as flocculation is essentially o v e r c~m e .~.~,~ According to Blanch and Einsele4 attachment of cells to substrate droplets results in the formation of flocs. They reported that flocs were formed in the fermentor within 30 sec of the addition of hydrocarbon, and the flocs disappear upon complete consumption of the substrate. This suggests that the Mallee-Blanch model is for a system where floc formation is substrate induced. There have been reports5 of hydrocarbon-assimilating organisms that have the characteristics of clumping regardless of the substrate. Clumping or floc formation in fermentations involving these organisms would be characteristic of the organism, not the substrate. Also, there have been reports of organisms assimilating hydrocarbon without floc formation occumng. 6.10 In the case of Candida guilliermondii I F 0 0566, a hydrocarbonutilizing organism, no flocs were formed. Therefore flocs are not a necessary requirement for hydrocarbon uptake, a requirement of Mallee and Blanch's model. Furthermore, Mimura et aL6 reported an enhanced growth of C . gu...

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CYTOGENETIC STUDY OF NOCARDIA CORALLINA ,

Abstract: Cytogenetics has proved to be a valuable aid in the study of higher organisms but has received only limited attention in microbiology. Witkin

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Survival of Nocardia corallina and Degradation of Constituents during Starvation

Survival of Nocardia corallina and Degradation of Constituents during Starvation

Radiation as a Cytogenetic Tool*

Microbial growth on hydrocarbons: Role of flocs

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