Cytogenetic profile of adult acute myeloid leukemia in Egypt: a single-center experience

Abstract

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a diverse disease characterized by the expansion of blasts of myeloid lineage. Cytogenetic testing is the cornerstone for risk stratification of AML patients. Geographical and environmental factors may play a very important role in the development of leukemia and several differences in genetic profile may be seen among different ethnicities. In our study, we evaluated cytogenetic findings of adult AML patients in South Egypt. Methods Cytogenetic testing (karyotyping and M-FISH) was performed for 120 adult patients with AML. Twenty metaphases were analyzed for each patient. Results In our study, the median age of AML patients was 36.5 years, with an age range between 18 and 86 years. 56.7% of patients had normal karyotypes and 43.3% of patients had clonal cytogenetic abnormalities. t (15;17) was the most detected structural abnormality, and + 8 was the most detected numerical abnormality. Regarding cytogenetic risk stratification, 65% of patients were in the intermediate-risk category. Conclusion The cytogenetic profile of AML patients in our locality showed some differences and some similarities with cytogenetic profiles in different Arab, Asian and Western countries. Further studies are needed using advanced techniques such as next-generation sequencing and optical genome mapping to elucidate more ethnic and geographic genetic heterogeneity among different countries.

Profiling of Genetic Mutations among Adult Filipino Patients Diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization from 2014 to 2021: A Single-Institution Study

“…In the current study, the peak incidence of AML occurs at 41-50 years with a mean age of 46 years old which is younger than in the study by Byun et al (51 years old) 12 but older as in the studies performed by Elnaggar (36.5 years old) 1 and Meng (39 years old). 3 Unlike in the studies done by Elnaggar, Meng, Byun et al, and Shaikh, 7q31 deletion (13%), is as common as the t(8;21) (12%).…”

“…3 Unlike in the studies done by Elnaggar, Meng, Byun et al, and Shaikh, 7q31 deletion (13%), is as common as the t(8;21) (12%). 1,3,12,14 Across different studies, the current study shows a higher percentage of patients with A negative FISH result was seen in 40% of the population. This is a similar finding to the study done by Byun et al (42.3%), 12 however, is lower than in the study done by Meng (69.6%) 3 and Byrd (48%) 16 .…”

“…9,10 Cytogenetics are also used to stratify patients into distinct prognostic groups to provide risk-adapted chemotherapy protocols. 11 Cytogenetic profiling of AML has been undertaken among patients in other countries, 1,3,[12][13][14][15] but none so far has been done among Filipinos. This investigation aims to determine the local prevalence of cytogenetic abnormalities as detected by FISH among patients referred to the National Kidney and Transplant Institute Medical Laboratory (NKTIML) from January 2014 to December 2021.…”

“…Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that is characterized by increased blasts of myeloid lineage in the bone marrow to the point of detection in the peripheral blood and overwhelms the synthetic capacity of the bone marrow. 1 It is the most common acute leukemia among adults, and the incidence increases with age. The age-adjusted incidence of AML for all races in 2018 is 4.3 per 100,000 persons with a higher male-to-female ratio (5.2 : 3.6).…”

Lab to Emergency: Establishment and validation of automated method for rapid biodosimetry

“…Consequently, automated scoring of DC chromosomes and MN presents an opportunity to streamline the standard work ow of biological dosimetry. A recent development in this domain is Metafer 5 (developed by Metasystems and Carl Zeiss, Germany), which integrates a computer, a high-resolution CCD camera, and a motorized scanning stage [19]. This system employs modular software on a single hardware platform, enabling the analysis of various endpoints.…”