Cytogenetic characterization of ten araneomorph spiders (Araneae): Karyotypes and meiotic features

Abstract

Karyotypes, sex chromosome systems and meiotic characteristics are reported for ten spider species belonging to the families Gnaphosidae, Philodromidae, Salticidae, Oxyopidae and Sicariidae by using standard Giemsa staining. The male diploid numbers (2n) and sex chromosome systems are as follows: Berinda hakani 2n = 22 (X1X2), Berinda ensigera 2n = 22 (X1X2), Trachyzelotes lyonneti 2n = 22 (X1X2), Trachyzelotes malkini 2n = 22 (X1X2), Zelotes caucasius 2n = 22 (X1X2) (Gnaphosidae); Thanatus pictus 2n = 28 (X1X2), Tibellus macellus 2n = 24 (X1X2) (Philodromidae); Neon reticulatus 2n = 21 (X0) (Salticidae); Peucetia virescens 2n = 28 (X1X2) (Oxyopidae) and Loxosceles rufescens 2n = 21 (X1X2Y) (Sicariidae). All species have monoarmed chromosomes with the exception of L. rufescens that has biarmed (metacentric and submetacentric) chromosomes. The obtained data are the first results for the genera Berinda, Trachyzelotes and Neon. Additionally, with the exception of L. rufescens, all species are being chromosomally analyzed for the first time.

Chromosomic Studies in Zephyranthes Citrina Baker (Amaryllidaceae), a Polyploid Ornamental

“…Thus, G. quehlianum chromosomes had an average length of 2.98 μm and a symmetric karyotype, with most of the chromosomal pairs being metacentric. These characteristics coincide with the karyotypic homogeneity presented for the family (Cota and Philbrick, 1994;Cota and Wallace, 1995;Das et al, 2000;Das and Mohanty, 2006;Las Peñas et al, 2008, 2014.…”

“…The genus Loxosceles presents 12 species chromosomally characterized, in which the following diploid numbers were identified: 2n♂=18 in L. reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940;2n♂=19 in L. spinulosa Purcell, 1904;2n♂=20 in L. rufipes (Lucas, 1834);2n♂=20-21 in L. rufescens (Dufour, 1820);2n♂=23 in L. amazonica Gertsch, 1967, L. gaucho Gertsch, 1967, L. hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1931, L. intermedia Mello-Leitão, 1934, L. laeta (Nicolet, 1849, L. puortoi Martins, Knysak & Bertani, 2002, L. similis Moenkhaus, 1898and L. variegata Simon, 1897. All these species showed X 1 X 2 Y sex chromosomes system, except L. rufipes and L. reclusa that exhibited X 1 X 2 0 system (Beçak y Beçak, 1960;Diaz y Saez, 1966;Hetzler, 1979;Silva, 1988;Tugmon et al, 1990;Oliveira et al, 1996Oliveira et al, , 1997Silva et al, 2002;Král et al, 2006;Kumbiçak, 2014;Araujo et al, 2020).…”

Cytogenetics of entelegyne spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) from southern Africa

“…Currently, 26 species belonging to five genera have been analysed cytogenetically (Araujo et al 2019). Our results from P. striata from South Africa were similar to the characteristics of Indian (Bole-Gowda 1950, and Turkish (Kumbıçak 2014) representatives of the genus. The main trends in the karyotype evolution of Oxyopidae were the reduction of 2n and change of the sex chromosome system to an X0 type (Stávale et al 2011).…”

Chromosomal analyses of Salticinae and Lyssomaninae reveal a broad occurrence of the 2n♂ = 28, X1X20 karyotype within Salticidae

“…A close relationship between Neon (Astioida, Neonini) and Myrmarachne (Astioida, Myrmarachnini) is proposed by the cytogenetic data, because Neon reticulatus (Blackwall, 1853), from Turkey, exhibits 2n? ¼ 21, X0 (Kumbıçak 2014) and four of the six Myrmarachne species analyzed cytogenetically showed 2n? ¼ 23, X0 (Hackman 1948;Bole-Gowda 1958); these karyotypes are much more similar to each other than to the 2n?…”