Cytodiagnosis of Granulocytic Sarcoma of Liver Arising in a Milieu of Myeloid Metaplasia

Myeloid Sarcoma of the Hepatobiliary System: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

“…Twenty-three (45%) of the 51 patients with hepatobiliary MS presented with isolated MS, either on presentation or at relapse [9,17,24,26,27,30,33,34,40,41,42,44,45,46,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,57]; 7 of them developed systemic AML within a period of 1-16 months [9,17,26,27,41,48,51] (table 1). Four of these 7 patients underwent surgery at the time of MS diagnosis, followed by chemotherapy after the development of systemic AML [9,27,41,48], with a few sustainable remissions [27,41,48].…”

“…Of 8 patients with no prior or eventual diagnosis of BM disease [24,30,40,42,50,53,54], most had upfront resections due to preoperative diagnoses of solid tumor malignancies, followed by chemotherapy; 5 remained in remission at the time of reports [24,30,40,42,50]. Four patients with de novo isolated MS died shortly after their diagnosis, unable to receive any definitive therapy [34,44,46,52]. MS as an isolated AML relapse [33,45,49,51,57] occurred in 2 out of 5 patients post-HSCT, at 2 and 8 months, respectively [49,57]; they died shortly thereafter.…”

Myeloproliferative Syndromes and Thrombocythemia

“…Myeloid/Granulocytic Sarcoma of the Liver Myeloid sarcomas are neoplasms of immature granulocytes, monocytes, or both involving extramedullary sites and occur in both leukemic and nonleukemic patients (Hang et al 2011), also in PMF (Yoshiki et al 2011;Morita et al 2012). In rare instances, myeloid metaplasia of the liver may be followed by hepatic granulocytic sarcoma (Gangane et al 2008), suggesting the focal outgrowth of transformed hematopoietic stem cells.…”