Cytocompatibility, osseointegration, and bioactivity of three-dimensional porous and nanostructured network on polyetheretherketone

Zhao, Ying; Wong, Hoi Man; Wang, Wenhao; Li, Penghui; Xu, Zushun; Chong, Eva Y. W.; Yan, Chun Hoi; Yeung, Kelvin Wai Kwok; Chu, Paul K.

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.071

Cited by 312 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Zhao et al 22) demonstrated that a 3D porous and nanostructured network with bio-functional groups fabricated on PEEK by sulfonation and subsequent water immersion induces pre-osteoblast functions such as initial cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and also substantially enhances osseointegration and bone-implant bonding strength in vivo. However, most of the pores are sized between 0.5 and 1.0 μm in the sulfonation-only treatment of Zhao et al 22) . White and Shors 24) demonstrated a relationship between pore size and tissue elements that favored good bone ingrowth: a pore size of 10 μm allowed ingrowth of cells, and a pore size of 15-50 μm and >150 μm favored fibrous tissue formation and new bone formation, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One of the known methods includes immersion of a base made of plastic in a corrosive solution such as concentrated sulfuric acid [20][21][22][23] . Zhao et al 22) demonstrated that a 3D porous and nanostructured network with bio-functional groups fabricated on PEEK by sulfonation and subsequent water immersion induces pre-osteoblast functions such as initial cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and also substantially enhances osseointegration and bone-implant bonding strength in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>In vivo</i> bioactivity of porous polyetheretherketone with a foamed surface

et al. 2017

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The in vivo bioactivity of porous polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with a foamed surface was evaluated using rabbit femoral bone. Cylindrical porous PEEK scaffolds, with pore diameter of 550 μm and porosity of 70%, were first prepared and immersed in 98% sulfuric acid, and then washed and immersed in 3 M potassium carbonate solution used as a foaming reagent. Numerous open pores of various sizes, as well as new functional groups, were visualized on the treated PEEK surface by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) showed that the volumetric density of treated PEEK was higher than that of bare PEEK at 8 weeks after surgery (p<0.05). Additionally, von Kossa staining indicated ingrowth of mature new bone tissue at 4 weeks relative to the bare PEEK group. Our data indicate that surface-treated PEEK exhibited improved bioactivity in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>In vivo</i> bioactivity of porous polyetheretherketone with a foamed surface

et al. 2017

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“…PEEK has excellent mechanical properties, for example, creep resistance, low water absorption and high fracture resistance [1][2][3][4] . It has been proposed as a functional and esthetic metalfree material in various dental applications, such as implants 5) , temporary abutments 6,7) , orthodontic wires 8) , removable prostheses 9) and fixed prostheses 10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different sulfuric acid etching concentrations on PEEK surface bonding to resin composite

et al. 2018

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This study evaluated the effects of surface pretreatment with different concentrations of sulfuric acid etching on surface properties and bonding between Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and a resin composite. Six groups of surface pretreatment (no pretreatment, etched with 70, 80, 85, 90, and 98% sulfuric acid for 60 s) were treated on PEEK. Surface roughness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses were examined. Shear bond strength (SBS) and cross-sectional observations of the interfaces were performed. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed differences in surface roughness and SBS between groups. The 90 and 98% sulfuric acid etching significantly achieved the highest SBS (p<0.05). SEM and AFM demonstrated etched surfaces with wide and deep pores. The 90 and 98% sulfuric acid etching were suggested to be the optimal concentration to improve adhesion between PEEK and the resin composite.

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“…The importance of porosity for bone regeneration has been reviewed [24], and methods to create porous PEEK have been reported [10,26,38,41,45,53]. However, it is still unclear which aspects of the pore architecture (such as pore size, porosity, and pore layer thickness) control the mechanical and biological properties of porous PEEK implants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Surface Porosity and Pore Size Influence Mechanical Properties and Cellular Response to PEEK?

Torstrick

Evans

Stevens

et al. 2016

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Despite its widespread use in orthopaedic implants such as soft tissue fasteners and spinal intervertebral implants, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) often suffers from poor osseointegration. Introducing porosity can overcome this limitation by encouraging bone ingrowth; however, the corresponding decrease in implant strength can potentially reduce the implant's ability to bear physiologic loads. We have previously shown, using a single pore size, that limiting porosity to the surface of PEEK implants preserves strength while supporting in vivo osseointegration. However, additional work is needed to investigate the effect of pore size on both the mechanical properties and cellular response to PEEK. Questions/purposes (1) Can surface porous PEEK (PEEK-SP) microstructure be reliably controlled? (2) What is the effect of pore size on the mechanical properties of PEEK-SP? (3) Do surface porosity and pore size influence the cellular response to PEEK? Methods PEEK-SP was created by extruding PEEK through NaCl crystals of three controlled ranges: 200 to 312, 312 to 425, and 425 to 508 lm. Micro-CT was used to characterize the microstructure of PEEK-SP. Tensile, fatigue, and interfacial shear tests were performed to compare the mechanical properties of PEEK-SP with injectionmolded PEEK (PEEK-IM). The cellular response to PEEK-SP, assessed by proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, vascular endothelial growth factor production, and calcium content of osteoblast, mesenchymal stem cell, and preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cultures, was compared with that of machined smooth PEEK and Ti6Al4V. Results Micro-CT analysis showed that PEEK-SP layers possessed pores that were 284 ± 35 lm, 341 ± 49 lm, and 416 ± 54 lm for each pore size group. Porosity and

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Cytocompatibility, osseointegration, and bioactivity of three-dimensional porous and nanostructured network on polyetheretherketone

Cited by 312 publications

References 44 publications

<i>In vivo</i> bioactivity of porous polyetheretherketone with a foamed surface

<i>In vivo</i> bioactivity of porous polyetheretherketone with a foamed surface

Effects of different sulfuric acid etching concentrations on PEEK surface bonding to resin composite

Do Surface Porosity and Pore Size Influence Mechanical Properties and Cellular Response to PEEK?

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