Cytocompatibility of Modified Silk Fibroin with Glycidyl Methacrylate for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Hydrogel with chemical modification has been used for 3D printing in the biomedical field of cell and tissue-based regeneration because it provides a good cellular microenvironment and mechanical supportive ability. As a scaffold and a matrix, hydrogel itself has to be modified chemically and physically to form a β-sheet crosslinking structure for the strength of the biomaterials. These chemical modifications could affect the biological damage done to encapsulated cells or surrounding tissues due to unreacted chemical residues. Biological assessment, including assessment of the cytocompatibility of hydrogel in clinical trials, must involve testing with cytotoxicity, irritation, and sensitization. Here, we modified silk fibroin and glycidyl methacrylate (Silk-GMA) and evaluated the physical characterizations, residual chemical detection, and the biological effect of residual GMA depending on dialysis periods. Silk-GMA depending on each dialysis period had a typical β-sheet structure in the characterization analysis and residual GMA decreased from dialysis day 1. Moreover, cell proliferation and viability rate gradually increased; additionally, necrotic and apoptotic cells decreased from dialysis day 2. These results indicate that the dialysis periods during chemical modification of natural polymer are important for removing unreacted chemical residues and for the potential application of the manufacturing standardization for chemically modified hydrogel for the clinical transplantation for tissue engineering and biomedical applications.

Anisotropic silk nanofiber layers as regulators of angiogenesis for optimized bone regeneration

“…SF-based scaffolds, films and hydrogels have been developed to repair various bone defects [ 9 , [13] , [14] , [15] ]. The cytocompatibility and bioactivity of these matrices were further improved by changing nano-micro structures, anisotropic topography, degradation behavior and mechanical performance [ [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ]. Various polymers, mineral nanomaterials, and biomacromolecules were also introduced into silk-based bone matrices, endowing them with angiogenesis and osteogenesis inducing and control features [ 5 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Multifunctional Silk Fibroin Methacryloyl Microneedle for Diabetic Wound Healing

“…Methacrylation of silk fibroin using glycidyl methacrylate has been performed to functionalize silk fibroin chains. [ 33,34 ] A schematic presentation of the modified silk fibroin with is shown in Figure S1a (Supporting Information). The methacrylation degree of silk fibroin methacryloyl was determined by 1H‐NMR spectrometry.…”

Methacrylated Silk Fibroin Additive Manufacturing of Shape Memory Constructs with Possible Application in Bone Regeneration

“…However, MRC5 in the first days showed low proliferation compared to rSF, which could be partially explained by the possible residual presence of GMA or LiBr, which inhibit the proliferation ability of cells. Previous authors showed that the ideal dialysis period for the modification of SF and GMA is seven days to preserve a good cell proliferation rate [ 44 ].…”