Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system in echinoderms

Effects of sediment organic matter quality on bioaccumulation, degradation, and distribution of pyrene in two macrofaunal species and their surrounding sediment

“…Pyrene metabolism has to our knowledge never previously been measured in A. filiformis, and information on PAH metabolism in ophiurids is scarce in general despite their dominance in many habitats (Pearson, Josefson & Rosenberg, 1985, Duineveld & Noort, 1986, Rosenberg, Gray, Josefson & Pearson, 1987, den Besten, 1998. Selck et al (2005) measured biodegradation of a closely resembling PAH, fluoranthene, in A. filiformis but found polar and aqueous metabolites to comprise only ~15 % of the total flouranthene accumulated after 45 d, consequently classifying degradation as slow.…”

“…polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), PAHs are more readily biotran sformed by most organism groups, however, to a greatly varying extent (Cerniglia & Heitkamp, 1989, Livingsto ne, 1992. Like other eucaryotes, marine invertebrates use the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase or mixed function oxygenase (MFO) enzyme system for the biotransformation of PAHs (James, 1989, den Besten, 1998, James & Boyle, 1998, Lee, 1998, Snyder, 2000. Aside from catalyzing a great variety of endogenous reactions, as for instance the metabolism of steroid hormones and fatty acids (Mansuy, 1998) , Foureman, 1989.…”

Diastereoisomer- and species-specific distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in fish and marine invertebrates

“…Echinoderms and chordates with a microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system may substantially reflect the distributional property of pollutants, as distinct from that of the habitat [29,30]. The mean 2 HBCD of diastereoisomer in echinoderms (i.e., sea cucumber, jellyfish, sea urchin, and spoon worm) was 0.20 ng/g-ww (range: 0.090-0.32 ng/g-ww) which was lower than the concentration in chordate (0.34 ng/g-ww).…”

Reproductive cycle of Antedon mediterranea (Crinoidea, Echinodermata): correlation between morphology and physiology

“…The presence of sex steroids (cholesterol, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, 17b-estradiol and estrone) has been revealed by several methods in starfishes, sea urchins and in a few species belonging to other echinoderm taxa (Dieleman and Schoenmakers 1979;Schoenmakers and Dieleman 1981;Voogt and Dieleman 1984;Xu and Barker 1990;Voogt et al 1992;Watts et al 1994;Wasson et al 2000). Laboratory tests demonstrated that echinoderms can synthesize sex steroids through metabolic pathways comparable to those of vertebrate species (Voogt et al 1990;Hines et al 1992;Watts et al 1994;Den Besten 1998;Janer et al 2005;Lavado et al 2006b). With regard to crinoid species, Watts et al (1994) analyzed 3H-androstenedione metabolism in Comactinia spp.…”

“…Particular attention has been given in the recent years to the possible role of sexual steroids. Different studies have suggested that these hormones play a role in reproduction as well as in other physiological processes in echinoderms (Dieleman and Schoenmakers 1979;Watts et al 1994;Den Besten 1998). Recent data report the presence of sexual steroids also in crinoids (Barbaglio et al 2006;Lavado et al 2006a).…”