Cytochrome P450 1A1 and aromatase (CYP19) in cetaceans : enzyme expression and relationship to contaminant exposure

Wilson, Joanna Y.

doi:10.1575/1912/2429

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…Figure shows the correlation between ∑PCB compounds and CYP1A1 expression in liver. This is similar to other reports , and reflects the known mechanistic relationship between liver CYP1A1 and planar PCBs. However, we also investigated relationships between liver CYP1A1 expression and POP compound classes other than PCBs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Using cytochrome P4501A1 expression in liver and blubber to understand effects of persistent organic pollutant exposure in stranded Pacific Island cetaceans

Bachman

Foltz

Lynch

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Elevated levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been reported in tropical Pacific Island cetaceans and their environment. In addition, recent health concerns in cetacean populations have warranted investigation into potential physiological effects from POP exposure for this region. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a candidate for examining such effects. This well-studied biomarker of exposure and effect was examined in stranded cetacean liver using immunoblot (n = 39, 16 species) and blubber using immunohistochemistry (n = 23, 10 species). Paired tissue samples allowed for CYP1A1 comparisons not only between species but also within each individual animal to examine differences between tissue types. Liver CYP1A1 expression correlated positively and significantly with blubber concentrations of all POP categories (n = 39, p < 0.050) except octachlorostyrene and pentachlorobenzene (p > 0.100). Among Stenella species, liver CYP1A1 tissue expression was correlated negatively with the sum of all blubber layer endothelial cell CYP1A1 expression (n = 14, p = 0.049). Overall, elevated expression of liver CYP1A1 confirms its use as a biomarker of POP exposure to cetaceans stranded in the tropical Pacific basin.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Using cytochrome P4501A1 expression in liver and blubber to understand effects of persistent organic pollutant exposure in stranded Pacific Island cetaceans

Bachman

Foltz

Lynch

et al. 2015

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…2001). In cetaceans, levels of CYPlAl expression in liver of beluga whale and white-sided dolphin, Lgenorhyncbus acutus, were correlated to concentrations of C mono-ortbo and non-ortbo PCBs (known inducers of CYPlA1) in blubber (White et al 1994, Wilson 2003. Likewise, elevated skin benzo[a)pyrene monooxygenase activity (catalyzed predominantly by CYPl Al) was correlated with higher organochlorine concentrations in blubber of fin whale, Balaenoptera pbysalus, and striped dolphin (Fossi et al 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Cytochrome P450 1a1 Expression in Cetacean Integument: Implications for Detecting Contaminant Exposure and Effects

Angell¹,

Wilson²,

Moore³

et al. 2004

Marine Mammal Science

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Contaminant related health risks to marine mammals are typically inferred from the levels of contaminants measured in blubber. Such measurements alone are insufficient to indicate the likelihood of biological effects from contaminant exposure, especially for contaminants that do not bioaccumulate. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in mammals is induced by, and involved in, the metabolism of planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chemicals of concern in aquatic systems. CYP1A induction is a molecular response to exposure to these inducers in many vertebrates. Using immunohistochemistry, we semiquantitatively measured CYP1A1 expression in integument (epidermis and blubber) collected by biopsy or at necropsy from 17 species of cetaceans. CYP1A1 expression was detected in all species and, in some cases, varied both within and between species. CYP1A1 expression in mysticetes was comparable to that in odontocetes. Assessing how the differences in contaminant burdens, life history parameters, and physiological condition between individuals, populations, or species affect CYP1A1 expression in cetacean integument is essential to the interpretation of this induction as a biomarker of exposure to and effects of contaminants. Detection of CYP1A1 expression in integument samples offers a relatively simple, non‐lethal technique to study biological changes associated with contaminant exposure in cetaceans.

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“…CYP1A1 induction is a valuable biomarker of exposure and effect to PHAHs in cetaceans Wilson, 2003;. Its advantages include the relatively robust methods that exist for its detection (formalin preservation followed by immunohistochemistry) and the fact that it can be measured in skin-blubber biopsy samples (Angell et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…displayed mean staining scores of 3.5 for the "upper" dermis and 5.0 for the "lower" dermis (Wilson, 2003). CHS and Sarasota dolphins show similar CYP1A1 staining scores in the deep blubber layer (i.e.…”

Section: Cyp1a1 Expression In Skin-blubber Biopsiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approaches for assessing the presence and impact of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals in delphinid cetaceans

Montie¹

2006

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Cetacean blubber is a primary site for lipid storage, which the animal utilizes during periods of energetic stress. It is important to understand how the blubber responds to factors such as ontogeny, water temperature, reproductive status, and nutritional state because blubber is also the primary bioaccumulation site for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). During periods of lipid mobilization such as lactation, PCBs from the blubber are mobilized into the circulatory system and may cause toxic effects. One particular toxic mechanism may include the induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the integument and liver, which could enhance the biotransformation of PCBs to hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs). OH-PCBs may then interfere with thyroid hormone dependent neurodevelopment. The goals of these studies were to investigate the relationships between lipid dynamics and PCB effects and to devise a quantitative approach to assess neurodevelopment in delphinid cetaceans. Blubber morphology, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression in the skin-blubber biopsy, blubber and plasma PCBs, and plasma OH-PCBs were assessed in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). In addition, magnetic resonance (MR) images of the postmortem brain in situ were obtained from Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) specimens.These results showed that: 1) Factors such as ontogeny, water temperature, and reproductive status affected blubber morphology in bottlenose dolphins. In response to warmer water, the lipid content of the blubber decreased and this appeared to involve loss of lipids from adipocytes in the middle blubber layer. Similar to the effects of starvation on blubber morphology, lactation decreased adipocyte size predominantly in the deeper blubber, 2) CYP1A1 levels in the deep blubber were significantly related to the total plasma TEQ 98 concentrations, adipocyte shrinkage, and plasma OH-PCB levels, 3) Through in situ MR imaging of stranded, Atlantic white-sided dolphin specimens, the size of brain structures that depend on thyroid hormones for maturation could be measured accurately. Future studies can use this technique, coupled with chemical analysis of brain regions, to determine if thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals in delphinid cetaceans are associated with changes in the size of brain structures.

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Cytochrome P450 1A1 and aromatase (CYP19) in cetaceans : enzyme expression and relationship to contaminant exposure

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Using cytochrome P4501A1 expression in liver and blubber to understand effects of persistent organic pollutant exposure in stranded Pacific Island cetaceans

Using cytochrome P4501A1 expression in liver and blubber to understand effects of persistent organic pollutant exposure in stranded Pacific Island cetaceans

Cytochrome P450 1a1 Expression in Cetacean Integument: Implications for Detecting Contaminant Exposure and Effects

Approaches for assessing the presence and impact of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals in delphinid cetaceans

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