“…A complicating problem in most of these studies is that no distinction was made between the interaction of nucleotides with cytochrome c oxidase or with its substrate, cytochrome c (Ferguson-Miller et al, 1976;Roberts & Hess, 1977;Osheroff etal., 1978;Huther & Kadenbach, 1986;Malatesta et al, 1987;Bisson et al, 1987;Rigoulet et al, 1987;Reimann et al, 1988;Antonini et al, 1988). Specific binding sites for adenine nucleotides have been identified on cytochrome c (Margoliash et al" 1970;Stellwagen & Shulman, 1973; Margalit & Schejter, 1973;Kayushin & Ajipa, 1973;Corthesy & Wallace, 1986. The binding of ATP to cytochrome c, at millimolar concentrations of ATP, diminishes the electron flow in the respiratory chain (Craig & Wallace, 1991, thus mimicking claimed effects of adenine nucleotides on the kinetics of cytochrome c oxidase.…”