Cytochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of blood cells and immunohistochemical analysis of spleen cells from 2 species of frog, Rana (Aquarana) catesbeiana and Xenopus laevis

Abstract

Cytochemical and immunochemical analysis of cells may be helpful in identification and characterization of amphibian blood cells and splenic cells for evaluation of the health of these animals.

The spleen and skin wound healing in Xenopus adults

“…The structural organization of the spleen from unoperated frogs was in agreement with previous descriptions (Zapata and Cooper, 1990;Bricker et al, 2012). The present findings report, for the first time, the transient morpho-functional modifications occurring in the spleen from Xenopus adults during skin wound healing.…”

Hematologic reference intervals for Rana sylvatica (Lithobates sylvaticus) and effect of infection with Frog Virus 3 (Ranavirus sp., Iridoviridae)

“…Because monocytes are so rare in Wood Frogs, we could not determine whether they were positive or negative for Sudan black, so this stain was also of no practical use in this species. Other cytochemical or immunocytochemical stains may improve our ability to properly identify mononuclear leukocytes in amphibians . Unfortunately, such stains are rarely used or have so far not been standardized for use on Wood Frogs, to the authors’ knowledge.…”

“…Other cytochemical or immunocytochemical stains may improve our ability to properly identify mononuclear leukocytes in amphibians. 36 Unfortunately, such stains are rarely used or have so far not been standardized for use on Wood Frogs, to the authors' knowledge.…”

Molecular Pathways: Immunosuppressive Roles of IRE1α-XBP1 Signaling in Dendritic Cells of the Tumor Microenvironment

“…Crystallographic analyses have demonstrated that these HAA inhibitors bind covalently to lysine K907, which resides in a shallow, solvent-exposed pocket on the IRE1α endoribonuclease domain (31). However, this HAA motif is not an absolute structural requirement, as both STF-083010 (38) the nucleoside-type antibiotic analogue toyocamycin can also directly block the IRE1α endoribonuclease (39). All direct IRE1α endonuclease inhibitors dose-dependently reduced Xbp1 splicing in vitro in human cell lines without affecting IRE1 phosphorylation or signaling from the PERK and ATF6.…”

“…All direct IRE1α endonuclease inhibitors dose-dependently reduced Xbp1 splicing in vitro in human cell lines without affecting IRE1 phosphorylation or signaling from the PERK and ATF6. Importantly, STF-083010 (38), MKC-3946 (37) and toyocamycin (39) demonstrated efficacy against multiple myeloma both in vitro and in xenograft survival studies, and B-I09 reduced tumor burden in a genetic mouse model of CLL driven by the Eμ-TCL1 transgene (25). Furthermore, daily intraperitoneal administration of 4μ8C significantly reduced pathological joint swelling in the KBxN serum transfer murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (40).…”