“…The advent of WSIs led to the application of medical image analysis techniques, machine learning, and deep learning techniques for aiding pathologists in inspecting WSIs. Deep-learning-based applications ranged from tasks, such as cancer diagnosis from WSIs, cell classification, and segmentation of nuclei, to patient stratification and outcome prediction [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. For cytology, in particular, only recently have there been investigations for applying deep learning on large datasets of cervical WSIs Holmström et al [ 45 ], Lin et al [ 46 ], Cheng et al [ 47 ].…”