Cytoarchitecture of the Organ of Corti

Engstroem, H.; Hw, Ades; Je, Hawkins

doi:10.3109/00016486409134545

Cited by 73 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Currently available data regarding changes in the length and volume of the cochlear duct in human fetuses dates back to the 1960’s. In a study by Engström and co-workers, fetal specimens were fixed with 1.5% osmic acid solution, followed by extraction of the petrous part of the temporal bone [16]. A “surface specimen” technique enabled the utilization of these inner ears for histology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and cellular patterning during fetal human inner ear development studied by a correlative imaging approach

et al. 2019

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Background Progressive transformation of the otic placode into the functional inner ear during gestational development in humans leads to the acquisition of hearing perception via the cochlea and balance and spatial orientation via the vestibular organ. Results Using a correlative approach involving micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT), transmission electron microscopy and histological techniques we were able to examine both the morphological and cellular changes associated with human inner ear development. Such an evaluation allowed for the examination of 3D geometry with high spatial and temporal resolution. In concert with gestational progression and growth of the cochlear duct, an increase in the distance between some of the Crista ampullaris is evident in all the specimens examined from GW12 to GW36. A parallel increase in the distances between the macular organs - fetal utricle and saccule - is also evident across the gestational stages examined. The distances between both the utricle and saccule to the three cristae ampullares also increased across the stages examined. A gradient in hair cell differentiation is apparent from apex to base of the fetal cochlea even at GW14. Conclusion We present structural information on human inner ear development across multiple levels of biological organization, including gross-morphology of the inner ear, cellular and subcellular details of hearing and vestibular organs, as well as ultrastructural details in the developing sensory epithelia. This enabled the gathering of detailed information regarding morphometric changes as well in realizing the complex developmental patterns of the human inner ear. We were able to quantify the volumetric and linear aspects of selected gestational inner ear specimens enabling a better understanding of the cellular changes across the fetal gestational timeline. Moreover, these data could serve as a reference for better understanding disorders that arise during inner ear development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12861-019-0191-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and cellular patterning during fetal human inner ear development studied by a correlative imaging approach

et al. 2019

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“…For morphological examination the surface preparation method [6,7] was established. After the last auditory test, the animals were sacrificed and the cochleas were removed from the bulla and fixed in a phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.3) of 1 % osmium tetroxide for 30-60 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ototoxicity of Vancomycin: An Experimental Study in Guinea Pigs

Lutz

Lenarz

Weidauer

et al. 1991

ORL

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Vancomycin (V) – a polypeptide antibiotic – is the drug of choice in severe infections with multiresistant staphylococcus spp. Due to the multimorbidity of the patients receiving V, the interactions with known ototoxic agents and the lack of an audiometric documentation, earlier clinical reports of V-associated hearing loss must be carefully interpreted. To elucidate this topic, a controlled animal study considering nonspecific effects was performed. 40 albino guinea pigs with positive Preyer’s reflex and normal hearing were used. The hearing function was controlled by means of brainstem auditory evoked potentials before and after intraperitoneal administration of V (75, 150, 300 mg/kg b.w. for 11–17 days), gentamicin (60 mg/kg b.w. for 26 days), neomycin (100 mg/kg b.w. for 17 days) and sodium chloride solution. The cochleas were dissected for hair cell counting by the surface preparation technique. Additionally, the serum concentrations of V were measured. As a result there was no significant difference in hearing loss between the controls and the animals treated with 75 and 150 mg V; toxic doses of 300 mg V led to a certain threshold elevation after click stimuli, but not after trapezoid stimuli of 1, 4 and 8 kHz. On the other hand, the aminoglycosides as a positive control caused an obvious hearing loss after click and trapezoid stimuli, which was correlated to the amount of outer hair cell loss. Renal damage could be excluded by histological examination of the kidneys and estimation of creatinine in serum. Therefore, treatment with moderate doses of V comparable to clinical conditions does not exhibit a specific ototoxicity as compared to the aminoglycosides. However, serum levels of V should be controlled as a safety measure in older patients and in patients with impaired renal function.

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“…With this caveat of some future refinement based on deeper molecular understanding in mind, we propose here a revision of the most recent nomenclature ( FCOA, 1998 ; FIPAT, 2017 ) that primarily builds on topology, physiology and, wherever possible, unique molecular signature (Figures 1 , 2 and Table 1 ), taken ultrastructural details and their functional significance revealed over the last 70 years into account ( Engström et al, 1964 ; Kimura, 1975 ; Lim, 1986 ; Slepecky, 1996 ). We propose to divide the spiral auditory organ (of Corti) into an inner and an outer section with appropriate expansion of the existing nomenclature to name each element accordingly:…”

Section: Goals Of the Proposed Revisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Nomenclature: Combining Name Recognition With Anatomical Description

Fritzsch

Elliott

2018

Front. Neuroanat.

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The inner ear and its two subsystems, the vestibular and the auditory system, exemplify how the identification of distinct cellular or anatomical elements ahead of elucidating their function, leads to a medley of anatomically defined and recognition oriented names that confused generations of students. Past attempts to clarify this unyielding nomenclature had incomplete success, as they could not yet generate an explanatory nomenclature. Building on these past efforts, we propose a somewhat revised nomenclature that keeps most of the past nomenclature as proposed and follows a simple rule: Anatomical and explanatory terms are combined followed, in brackets, by the name of the discoverer (see Table 1). For example, the “organ of Corti” will turn into the spiral auditory organ (of Corti). This revised nomenclature build as much as possible on existing terms that have explanatory value while keeping the recognition of discoverers alive to allow a transition for those used to the eponyms. Once implements, the proposed terminology should help future generations in learning the structure-function correlates of the ear more easily. To facilitate future understanding, leading genetic identifiers for a given structure have been added wherever possible.

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Cytoarchitecture of the Organ of Corti

Cited by 73 publications

References 6 publications

Growth and cellular patterning during fetal human inner ear development studied by a correlative imaging approach

Growth and cellular patterning during fetal human inner ear development studied by a correlative imaging approach

Ototoxicity of Vancomycin: An Experimental Study in Guinea Pigs

Auditory Nomenclature: Combining Name Recognition With Anatomical Description

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