Cystoscopic diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ureters in female dogs: 16 cases (2005–2008)

Abstract

Results suggested that cystoscopic-guided transection may be an acceptable alternative to traditional surgical correction of ectopic ureter in dogs. Most complications associated with the cystoscopic procedure were minor and easily managed.

Neoureterosistostomi Yöntemiyle Tedavi Edilen Intramural Ektopik Üreter Hastası Köpeklerde Postoperatif Üriner İnkontinensin Değerlendirilmesi

“…In addition to these techniques performed in combination with celiotomy and cystotomy, cystoscopic-guided laser ablation was also used for the same purpose [18] ; however, it has certain disadvantages such as requiring special equipment and experience [15] .…”

“…It is believed that the more intact the urethra sphincter is, the less likely post-operative urinary incontinence is, particularly in female dogs [15] . Given that EU most commonly terminate at the urethra, structural degenerations of the urethra and USMI can occur because it is continuously exposed to urine and is open to bacterial infections until the EU diagnosis is made.…”

“…The patients in which complete urinary continence was achieved without any need for additional medical treatment scored 1; the patients in which complete urinary continence was achieved with phenylpropanolamine use scored 2; the patients in KARABAĞLI which the complaint of urinary incontinence diminished but still occurred once or twice a week scored 3; the patients in which urinary incontinence persists at the same frequency but at a lower quantity scored 4; and the patients with no regression of urinary incontinence scored 5. Prognosis was considered successful in patients that scored 1 and 2 [15] .…”

“…Excretory urography, retrograde vagino-urethrography, positive-contrast cystography, double-contrast cystography, pneumocystography [14] , ultrasonography [8] , fluoroscopy [2] , cystoscopy [15] contrast-enhanced computer tomography [4] , transurethral cystoscopy [16] and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [12] are used in the diagnosis of EU. Although transurethral cystoscopy is considered the most reliable method of diagnosis because it allows direct imaging of urethra and bladder trigone, definitive diagnosis can be made using cystotomy or postmortem examination [5,15] .…”

“…Although transurethral cystoscopy is considered the most reliable method of diagnosis because it allows direct imaging of urethra and bladder trigone, definitive diagnosis can be made using cystotomy or postmortem examination [5,15] .…”