Cystic thyroid lesions in children

Yoskovitch, Adi; Laberge, Jean-Martin; Rodd, Celia; Sinsky, Anna; Gaskin, David A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3468(98)90662-5

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…3), to malignant lesions. Yoskovitch et al (1998) in a study of 24 children with cystic lesions found cancer in two and FAs in four others. It is difficult to draw any conclusions on the basis of this single paper because of the small numbers involved and because the findings included the mixed lesions (solidcystic) which are so commonly related to neoplasia.…”

Section: Thyroid Cyst and The Risk Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 96%

Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules in children

Niedziela¹

2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

293

291

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According to the literature thyroid nodules are quite rare in the first two decades of life. However, there are some exceptions, relating to areas with an iodine deficiency or affected by radioactive fallout, where the risk of nodules and carcinomas is increased. Therefore, it is a great challenge for the physician to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions preoperatively, and not only in these areas of greater risk. A careful work-up, comprising the patient's history, clinical examination, laboratory tests, thyroid ultrasound, scintigraphy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and molecular studies, is mandatory to improve the preoperative diagnosis. The differential diagnosis should also include benign thyroid conditions such as: (i) congenital hypothyroidism due to dyshormonogenesis or ectopy, (ii) thyroid hemiagenesis, (iii) thyroglossal duct cyst, (iv) simple goiter, (v) cystic lesion, (vi) nodular hyperplasia, (vii) follicular adenoma, (viii) Graves' disease and (ix) Hashimoto thyroiditis, all of which can predispose to the development of thyroid nodules. The majority of thyroid carcinomas derive from the follicular cell (papillary, follicular, insular and undifferentiated (or anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma), whereas medullary thyroid carcinoma derives from calcitonin-producing cells. Inherited forms of thyroid cancer may occur, especially in relation to medullary thyroid carcinoma. FNAB is a critical factor in establishing the preoperative diagnosis. However, we should keep in mind the fact that a conventional cytological evaluation can miss the neoplastic nature of a lesion and the employment of immunocytochemical and molecular studies of aspirates from FNAB can give us a more precise diagnosis of neoplasia in thyroid nodules once they are detected.

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Section: Thyroid Cyst and The Risk Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 96%

Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules in children

Niedziela¹

2006

Endocr Relat Cancer

293

291

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“…Pure cysts are the most frequent solitary nodules found and do not have a neoplastic background, being considered a benign degenerative thyroid disease 9 . In a study that evaluated 24 cases of cystic lesions in children, two lesions were found to be cancerous and four were follicular adenomas 29 . In a study that evaluated 24 cases of cystic lesions in children, two lesions were found to be cancerous and four were follicular adenomas 29 .…”

Section: Thyroid Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Iodine Intake and Ultrasonographic Thyroid Abnormalities in Schoolchildren

Duarte¹,

Tomimori²,

Camargo³

et al. 2009

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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High nutritional levels of iodine may induce a higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, goiter, as well as hyperthyroidism, mostly in the elderly. This study assessed thyroid volume and ultrasonographic abnormalities as well as urinary iodine excretion (UIE) in 964 schoolchildren living in an iodine-sufficient area in southern Brazil. Thyroid volume correlated with age and body surface area in boys and girls. In 76.8% of the children, UIE was above 300 microg/l, with higher levels among boys compared to girls (484.2 microg/l vs 435.3 microg/l, p < 0.001). Thyroid abnormalities detected by ultrasonography included hemiagenesis (0.5%), nodules (0.2%), cysts (0.7%), and hypoechogenicity (11.7%). Goiter was present in 1.9% of the children. Hypoechogenicity, a relevant marker of autoimmune thyroiditis, was the most common abnormality found in our study, and this may be linked to excessive iodine intake.

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“…[4][5][6] The most common age for pediatric thyroid carcinoma is 11 to 15 years, with less than 4% to 5% found in preschool-aged children. 4,7 Thyroid cancer in children usually manifests as an asymptomatic neck mass [5][6][7][8][9] and more commonly presents with cervical lymph node involvement and distant metastasis compared with thyroid cancer in adults. 5,[7][8][9][10] Despite the more advanced presentation of thyroid cancer, younger patients tend to have a more favorable prognosis and a lower mortality rate compared with adults.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%