Cystic renal neoplasms

CEUS Bosniak Classification—Time for Differentiation and Change in Renal Cyst Surveillance

“…Non-neoplastic renal cystic lesions include simple cysts, traumatic cysts, infectious cysts, and aneurysms [11][12][13][14]. The characteristics of these lesions have been explained and summarized in several studies [11][12][13][14].…”

“…The benign renal neoplastic cystic lesions include cystic nephroma, mixed epithelial and stromal tumor, cystic renal oncocytoma, angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts, lymphangioma, angiomyolipoma with epithelial cysts, and cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma [6,11,15,16]. In cystic nephroma, mixed epithelial and stromal tumor, and cystic renal oncocytoma, malignant transformation has been reported [16,17], whereas to date, no malignant transformation has been described in the other entities.…”

“…However, due to the rarity of these types of cysts, the data are limited [16,18,19]. The characteristics of these lesions have been explained and summarized in several studies [6,11,[15][16][17][18][19].…”