Cystic Hydatid Disease: Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Cystic echinococcosis is endemic in certain parts of the world. The growth of the cyst is often slow, and the liver and lungs are the most frequently involved organs. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms and epidemiological data, while ultrasonography is important for the classification of hydatid cysts. Although certain types of hydatid cysts are successfully treated by percutaneous aspiration, injection, and reaspiration, surgery remains the treatment of choice. We reviewed the current trends in the diagnosis and management of cystic echinococcosis, with special emphasis on hepatic and pulmonary involvement.

Liver hydatid cyst with cutaneous fistulization to the right breast: a case report, management, and literature review

“…Canine feces are the main delivery route, although contact with these animals is also a mode of transmission. When eggs from feces‐contaminated vegetables are ingested, they hatch into the small intestines, pass through its wall into the portal vein, where access to liver, lungs or any other organ is guaranteed 1. It occurs in the liver in 52–77% of cases.…”

“…Echinococcus granulosus is the most common tapeworm causing hydatid disease in the human species 1. The most commonly affected organ is the liver in 52–77% of cases 2.…”

A comparison of imaging guided double percutaneous aspiration injection and surgery in the treatment of cystic echinococcosis of liver

“…14 Since the late 1980s, a number of techniques for percutaneous treatment (PT) of liver hydatid cysts have been developed, 15 in which after percutaneous aspiration of the cyst under ultrasonography or CT guidance, a scolicidal agent is injected into the cyst cavity with or without reaspiration of the cyst contents. [16][17][18][19] In 1992, Giorgio et al 19,20 first presented a modified technique of PT of CE called double percutaneous aspiration and ethanol injection [double percutaneous aspiration injection (DPAI)], characterized by no reaspiration of the ethanol injected to replace the aspirated fluid and repetition of the procedure at an interval of 3-7 days. DPAI is less invasive and in the case of uncomplicated hepatic CE, DPAI in combination with benzimidazole therapy is a safe and effective alternative to surgery, requires a shorter hospital stay, permits early return to work, has a low complication rate and is cost effective for the state, the hospital and the patient.…”

“…DPAI is less invasive and in the case of uncomplicated hepatic CE, DPAI in combination with benzimidazole therapy is a safe and effective alternative to surgery, requires a shorter hospital stay, permits early return to work, has a low complication rate and is cost effective for the state, the hospital and the patient. [16][17][18][19] The objective of this study was to compare surgery and DPAI in the treatment of hepatic CE with regard to efficacy, hospital stay and complications.…”

Increased anti-Echinococcus granulosus antibody positivity in Fasciola hepatica infection

“…The most common form cystic hydatid disease results from infection with Echinococcus granulosus (EG). Although hydatid disease can develop anywhere in the human body, the liver is the most frequently involved organ (8). Hepatic hydatid disease causes highly variable symptoms and signs, and can be found incidentally in an asymptomatic patient.…”