Cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in Gessa, southern Ethiopia

Mathewos, Mesfin; Dawa, Deneke; Yirgalem, Metages; Denano, Tesfaye; Fesseha, Haben

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2022.e00262

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…(2019) of 52.5 and 54%, respectively, in Adama municipal abattoir, south-eastern Ethiopia, 34.5% in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia (Kebede et al , 2009 a ), 40.5% in Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprises (Terefe et al ., 2012), 46.8% central Oromia, Ethiopia (Getaw et al ., 2010) and 48.7% in Arusha, Tanzania (Ernest et al ., 2009). CE found in Moroto was higher than that reported in Kajiado, Kenya: of 14.3% (Nungari et al ., 2019) and 5.3% in Migori county (Kere et al ., 2019); in Ethiopia: of 21% in Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprises (Kumsa, 2019), in Gessa (17%) and Wolaita Sodo (16.85%), southern Ethiopia (Bekele and Butako, 2011; Mesfin et al ., 2022) and 15.2% in north-western Ethiopia (Kebede et al ., 2011). Despite being in the same ecological zones of ‘horn of Africa’, these differences in prevalence could have been due to variances in environmental conditions, livestock population densities, livestock migrations and grazing systems (Njoroge et al ., 2002; Serda and Jago, 2017), diverse cultures and E. granulosus strains (McManus, 2006) and awareness (Omadang et al ., 2018) in these areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among livestock in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda

Omadang,

Chamai,

Ejobi

et al. 2023

Parasitology

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains a significant challenge in Uganda with precise status largely undocumented in most communities. To determine CE prevalence, post-mortem examination was done on 14 937 livestock (5873 goats, 1377 sheep, 3726 zebu cattle and 3054 Ankole cattle) slaughtered in abattoirs in the districts of Moroto in Karamoja region, Kumi in Teso region and Nakasongola and Luwero in Buganda region. The overall CE prevalence was 21.9% in sheep, 15.2% in zebu cattle, 5.5% in goats and 2.1% in Ankole cattle. Moroto district had a higher prevalence of CE than other districts with 31.3% in zebu cattle, sheep 28%, goats 29.1% and (0%) in Ankole cattle. On organ locations, the lungs were the most affected in all livestock in all the study areas. Considering cyst fertility, 33.9, 1.7 and 6.4% of Ankole cattle, sheep and zebu cattle respectively had fertile cysts in the liver while 4.5% of goats and 4% Ankole cattle had fertile cysts in the lungs. In conclusion, CE is widespread and occurs among cattle, sheep and goats in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create awareness among the communities on role of livestock in CE epidemiology and transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among livestock in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda

Omadang,

Chamai,

Ejobi

et al. 2023

Parasitology

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“…Cystic echinococcosis is a major disease in livestock and humans [40]. Its diagnosis in intermediate hosts is mainly based on necropsy procedures and in most cases the disease is asymptomatic in the early stages [41], so there is an urgency to develop alternative diagnostic methods [42], such as antibody detection through ELISA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IEg67 kDa Bovine Hydatid Cyst Antigen: A Candidate for Developing Sero-Diagnostic Assays for Cystic Echinococcosis, a Disease of One Health Importance

Cable

Younus

Rashid

et al. 2023

Animals

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Cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) is a world-wide zoonotic disease of mainly humans, livestock and dogs, caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The disease can negatively impact food production and animal welfare and causes socio-economic hardship. Here, we aimed to identify the local bovine hydatid cyst fluid (BHCF) antigen for developing a sero-diagnostic assay to be used for the pre-slaughter screening of food animals. In total, 264 bovines approved for slaughter in Pakistan were subjected to serum collection and post-mortem screening for hydatid cysts. These cysts were assessed microscopically to assess fertility and viability, and by PCR for molecular confirmation of species. A BHCF antigen was identified from positive sera via SDS-PAGE, confirmed by Western blot, and quantified via a bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. The quantified crude BHCF antigen (iEg67 kDa) was then used in ELISA screening to test all sera collected from known positive and negative animals based on hydatid cyst presence/absence. Of the 264 bovines examined, 38 (14.4%) showed hydatid cysts during post-mortem examination. All of these individuals, plus an additional 14 (total: 52; 19.6%) tested positive based on less time-consuming ELISA examination. Based on ELISA, occurrence in females (18.8%) was significantly higher than in males (9.2%) and was higher in cattle (19.5%) compared to buffalo (9.5%). The infection rate increased with age in both host species: cumulatively, 3.6% in animals aged 2–3 years, 14.6% in 4–5-year-olds and 25.6% in 6–7-year-olds. The occurrence of cysts in cattle was significantly higher in the lungs (14.1%) compared to their livers (5.5%), whereas the opposite was true in buffalo (6.6% livers, 2.9% lungs). For both host species, most cysts in the lungs were fertile (65%), while the majority in the liver were sterile (71.4%). We conclude that the identified iEg67 kDa antigen is a strong candidate for the development of a sero-diagnostic screening assay for the pre-slaughter diagnosis of hydatidosis.

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“…Livers containing hydatid cysts were collected and subsequently distributed into two groups according to the fertility of the cysts (Group B, liver with fertile hydatid cysts, and Group C, liver with sterile hydatid cysts). A previously described protocol by Mathewos et al [ 17 ] was used to determine the fertility of each cyst. Briefly, a sterile hypodermic needle was used to reduce the pressure of the cystic fluid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Local Immune Response to Hydatid Cysts in Sheep Liver

Biase

Prisco

Pepe

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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In order to characterize the inflammatory phenotype of livers of sheep naturally infected by cystic echinococcosis, 100 sheep livers have been macroscopically assessed for the presence of hydatid cysts and sampled for histopathological and molecular analysis. According to gross and microscopic examination, livers were subsequently classified into three groups: normal liver (Group A), liver with the presence of fertile hydatid cysts (Group B), and liver with the presence of sterile hydatid cysts (Group C). Immunohistochemical analyses were accomplished using primary antibodies anti-Iba1, anti-CD3, anti-CD20, anti-TGF-β, and anti-MMP9. Finally, real-time PCR was performed in order to estimate the concentration levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, and TGF-β. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a diffuse immunolabelling of mononuclear cells for Iba-1 and TGF-β and a higher amount of CD20+ B cells compared to CD3+ T cells in both Groups B and C. The expression levels of Th-1-like immune cytokines TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-12 did not show significant statistical differences. However, we found a significant increase in expression levels of Th-2 immune cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 in Groups B and C compared to Group A. Taken together, our findings suggest that macrophages have a predominant role in the local immune response to cystic echinococcosis. Moreover, we can speculate that Th2 immunity may be dominant, corroborating the idea that B cells are decisively essential in the control of the immune response during parasitic infection and that the immunomodulatory role of IL-10 and TGF-β may ensure the persistence of the parasite within the host.

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Cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered at a slaughterhouse in Gessa, southern Ethiopia

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among livestock in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda

Prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among livestock in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in Uganda

IEg67 kDa Bovine Hydatid Cyst Antigen: A Candidate for Developing Sero-Diagnostic Assays for Cystic Echinococcosis, a Disease of One Health Importance

Evaluation of the Local Immune Response to Hydatid Cysts in Sheep Liver

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