Cystic change in thyroid carcinoma: Prevalence and estimated volume in 360 carcinomas

Henrichsen, Tara L.; Reading, Carl C.; Charboneau, J. William; Donovan, Daniel J.; Sebo, Thomas J.; Hay, Ian

doi:10.1002/jcu.20714

Cited by 49 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, if the solid component is hypoechoic, is lobulated, has an irregular border or punctate echogenic foci line, or has vascular flow, the risk for malignancy is increased. If the solid component is isoechoic, is centrally located within the nodule or, if peripheral, has no acute angle with the nodule wall, or has a smooth margin, spongiform appearance, or comet tail artifacts, it is likely benign [13,14]. n Purely cystic nodules or spongiform nodules have a very low risk for malignancy [6].…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 98%

Thyroid Ultrasound Reporting Lexicon: White Paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Committee

Grant

Tessler

Hoang

et al. 2015

Journal of the American College of Radiology

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383

287

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Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 98%

Thyroid Ultrasound Reporting Lexicon: White Paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Committee

Grant

Tessler

Hoang

et al. 2015

Journal of the American College of Radiology

Self Cite

383

287

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“…Thyroid cancers usually appear solid, but those with predominant cystic changes (>50% of the nodule) can be observed in 2.5%-6% of all thyroid cancers [1,2]. Cystic papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) commonly shows the presence of tridimensional fragments, anisonucleosis, nuclear bars, pseudoinclusions, powdery chromatin, cytoplasmic vacuoles, metaplastic cytoplasm, and autolysis on cytologic specimens [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma: effects of cystic changes visible on ultrasonography on disease prognosis

Kim

Lee

et al. 2014

Ultrasonography

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PurposeTo investigate the characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with cystic changes visible on ultrasonography (US).MethodsThis study included 553 PTCs in 553 patients between January 2003 and August 2004. One radiologist with 10 years of experience in thyroid imaging retrospectively reviewed the preoperative US images. Two different groups were formed according to two different reference points (group 1, 25%; group 2, 50%) of the cystic component. Patients between the groups were compared according to their clinicopathologic characteristics. Disease-free survival (DFS) was estimated. Cox’s multivariate proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the effect of variable factors on the recurrence risk.ResultsFifty-six patients (10.1%) were confirmed to have tumor recurrence within the follow-up period. Thirty-five patients had regional metastasis, one had distant metastasis, eight had multiple site metastases, and 12 had biochemical recurrence. PTC patients with a ≤ 50% or PTC patients with a ≤ 25% cystic component did not have a statistically significant longer DFS than those with a >50% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.118; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.255 to 4.910; P=0.883) or those with a >25% cystic component (HR, 0.569; 95% CI, 0.164 to 1.976; P=0.375), respectively. Moreover, independent predictors of recurrence were pathologic size, male gender, and lymph node metastasis, not a >50% or >25% cystic component.ConclusionThe proportion of the cystic component in PTCs did not affect DFS.

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“…Solid consistency is more common in malignant thyroid nodules and the vast majority (82% -91%) of thyroid cancers are solid (10)(11)(12). In a study including 360 consecutively surgically removed thyroid cancers, 88% were reported to be solid or minimally cystic (13). It is suggested that malignancy rate is higher in predominantly solid than mixed solid/cystic nodules, while cystic 8…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate of Malignancy in Exophytic Thyroid Nodules

et al. 2017

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Background: There are ultrasonography (US) features suggested to be associated with a higher risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules. However, exophytic appearence of thyroid nodules has not been studied previously. Objectives: To evaluate US features, and cytological and histopathological findings in exophytic thyroid nodules. Patients and Methods:Patients with an exophytic thyroid nodule who underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) between January and July 2015 were evaluated prospectively. Demographical data, US features, and cytology results were noted and histopathological findings were determined in operated patients. The results were compared with non-exophytic nodules of age and sex matched patients. Results: Data of 253 exophytic nodules in 247 patients and 529 non-exophytic nodules in 357 patients were analyzed. Hypoechogenity, mixed texture, and absence of peripheral halo were significantly higher in exophytic nodules (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.018, respectively). Nondiagnostic, atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance and suspicious for malignancy cytology results were significantly higher in exophytic nodules (P = 0.002, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively). 6.7% of exophytic nodules and 1.9% of non-exophytic nodules had malignant cytology (P = 0.001). Histopathologically, 35 (47.9%) of 73 exophytic nodules and 18 (24.3%) of 74 non-exophytic nodules were malignant (P < 0.01). Capsular invasion was higher in the malignant exophytic group (53.5% vs 14.3%, P = 0.027). US features other than hypoechoic pattern which was higher in the malignant group were similar in benign and malignant exophytic nodules. Conclusions: Exophytic nodules seem to carry a higher rate of malignancy both cytologically and histopathologically. Suspicous US features except hypoechoic pattern were not higher in malignant compared to benign exophytic nodules.

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Cystic change in thyroid carcinoma: Prevalence and estimated volume in 360 carcinomas

Abstract: The vast majority (88%) of thyroid cancer is uniformly solid or has minimal (1-5%) cystic change by sonography. Marked cystic change (>50% of the nodule) occurred in only 2.5% of cancers, which had other sonographic findings worrisome for malignancy.

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Thyroid Ultrasound Reporting Lexicon: White Paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Committee

Thyroid Ultrasound Reporting Lexicon: White Paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) Committee

Conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma: effects of cystic changes visible on ultrasonography on disease prognosis

Rate of Malignancy in Exophytic Thyroid Nodules

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