Cystatin C and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Early Biomarkers for Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs

Ko, Hui-Yeon; Kim, Joon‐Young; Geum, Migyeong; Kim, Ha-Jung

doi:10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100580

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As mentioned above, inflammation affects NGAL concentrations [ 37 , 38 ]. In other species, the urinary NGAL/creatinine ratio (UNCR) has been used [ 41 ]. No data on this ratio is currently available in horses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature

Galen

Olsen²,

Siwińska

2022

Animals

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Creatinine only allows detection of kidney disease when 60 to 75% of the glomerular function is lost and is therefore not an ideal marker of disease. Additional biomarkers could be beneficial to assess kidney function and disease. The objectives are to describe new equine kidney biomarkers. This systematic review assesses the available literature, including the validation process and reference values, following which the authors suggest recommendations for clinical use. SDMA may have some potential as equine kidney biomarker, but there is currently a lack of evidence that SDMA offers any advantage compared to creatinine in detecting Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Cystatin C and podocin show potential as biomarkers for kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine) and should be studied further. NGAL has potential as a biomarker of kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine), and potential as an inflammatory marker. Literature on MMP-9 does not allow for conclusive statements about its potential as a biomarker for kidney disease. The future may show that NAG has potential. For all biomarkers, at this stage, available scientific information is limited or too scarce to support clinical use, and only SDMA can be measured for clinical purposes. In conclusion, there are multiple new biomarkers with the potential to diagnose kidney problems. However, there are only a few studies available and more data is needed before these biomarkers can be applied and recommended in our daily practice.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature

Galen

Olsen²,

Siwińska

2022

Animals

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“…Unlike AKI, CKD is mostly considered an insidious, slowly progressive and irreversible disease, finally resulting in fibrosis and gradual loss of functional renal parenchyma over time. 32 However, recent evidence propose existence of active, ongoing injury in animals with apparently stable CKD, 1 , 2 , 7 , 33 , 34 suggesting that CKD progression might be the consequence of active damage, which could be either episodic or sustained. 2 The results of our study further support this, as dogs included in this study had stable CKD, based on both clinical assessment and serial sCr measurements; however, the concentrations of uNGAL and uKIM‐1 suggest presence of varying degrees of active kidney damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term intra‐individual variation of urinary biomarkers in dogs with stable chronic kidney disease

Chen

Maron

Segev

2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background Active‐ongoing kidney damage is present in animals with stable chronic kidney disease (CKD), as reflected by biomarkers in urine. Interpretation of serial messurements of biomarkers requires knowledge of its intra‐individual variation. Aims To evaluate the short‐term intra‐individual variation of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule‐1 (uNGAL, uKIM‐1, respectively) in dogs with stable CKD, and to determine whether normalization to urinary creatinine (uCr) decreases variation. Animals Twenty‐five dogs with naturally‐occurring stable CKD. Methods Prospective, observational study. Dogs were diagnosed with CKD based on the International Renal Interest Society guidelines. Dogs were included only if the variation in serum creatinine concentration was <25% on at least 2 measurements during the 3 months preceding inclusion, and only if serum creatinine variation was <20% during the 14‐day study period. Urine samples were collected on days 0, 4, 10 and 14. uNGAL and uKIM‐1 were measured using ELISA. Results The median coefficients of variation (CV) of uNGAL and uNGAL/uCr were 42% (range, 7%‐127%), and 44% (range, 8%‐100%), respectively, and the CV 90th percentiles were 97% and 83%, respectively. The median CV of uKIM‐1 and uKIM‐1/uCr were 29% (range, 16%‐91%), and 23% (range, 6%‐76%), respectively, and the CV 90th percentiles were 56% and 52%, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Changes of >100% and >60% for uNGAL and uKIM‐1, respectively, in serial measurements are higher than the normal expected variation and therefore might indicate need for further investigation for underlying causes of kidney damage.

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“…Established kidney disease can also lead to increased NGAL [2,4,5,8,9]. The CKD is a progressive condition by consequence of sequential acute injuries (AKI) episodes of variable magnitude, especially in IRIS 3 and 4, where the intrinsic physiological mechanisms of protection and regulation of renal blood ow are probably not working properly [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NGAL is a glycoprotein with low molecular weight (25D) expressed in the kidney and many other organs [3]. Under normal conditions, the tubular synthesis of NGAL is low [4]. However, during active tubular injury, however, synthesis increases, and reabsorption decreases, which results in increased urinary NGAL excretion [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin discloses acute tubular injury after surgery in canine patients

Teran

Carvalho

Jordão

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Canine patients needing surgical intervention are at risk of developing acute kidney injury, whose clinical manifestation it's late. The search for early diagnostic methods revealed the Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a novel biomarker for detecting acute tubular injury (ATI). Considering the hypothesis that dogs with cancer are more likely to develop ATI, related to the different interventions throughout the surgical process, a prospective longitudinal study (from the preoperative to the immediate postoperative period) of 17 clinically stable dogs indicated for surgical procedure. The serum creatinine, urinary density, and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio, which are traditional indicators for kidney disease, the serum, and urine NGAL biomarkers, were evaluated. The sample collections were performed three times: 12 to 24 hours before surgery, 48 hours, and 96 hours after surgery. The results showed a significant increase in urinary NGAL in 11 of 17 dogs, 48 hours after surgery, while traditional markers showed no significant change, and no related clinical signs were observed. Thus, confirming the study's hypothesis, NGAL proved helpful for the early detection of silent events of attacks on renal tubular integrity.

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Cystatin C and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Early Biomarkers for Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature

Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature

Short‐term intra‐individual variation of urinary biomarkers in dogs with stable chronic kidney disease

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin discloses acute tubular injury after surgery in canine patients

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