Cystatin C

Newman, David J.

doi:10.1258/0004563021901847

Cited by 220 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…There is good evidence that all nucleated cells constitutively express cystatin C. However, variability in the degree of cystatin C gene expression in different tissues, which could be further influenced by several factors, provides evidence for the differential regulation of cystatin C expression in different tissues (Newman, 2002). In the present study, the results of cystatin C measurements in normal mucosa were influenced by the site of sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Cystatin C in carcinoma of the head and neck P Strojan et al rate (Newman, 2002). Based on high extracellular concentrations and inhibitory kinetics of cystatin C, it has also been shown as the most powerful extracellular inhibitor for several cysteine proteinases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cystatin C protein is a product of the CST3 gene, which is located on the short arm of chromosome 20. It is freely filtered in the glomeruli and almost completely reabsorbed and catabolised in the proximal renal tubular cells (Newman, 2002). The main physiological role of cystatin C is believed to be the regulation of cysteine proteinases secreted from the cells or leaked from the lysosomes during necrotic or apoptotic processes, which links cystatin C with the aetiology of various diseases, including cancer (Sloane et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: relation to prognosis

et al. 2004

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To determine the role of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C in the invasive behavior of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), Cystatin C protein level was measured in 82 pairs of primary tumour tissue and adjacent noncancerous mucosa, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median level of cystatin C in tumour tissue was 1.18 times lower than that in corresponding mucosa (P ¼ 0.031). In normal mucosa samples, the cystatin C level was influenced by the site of sampling: it was lower in nonlaryngeal tissue samples (oral cavity, oro-or hypopharynx) than in laryngeal samples (P ¼ 0.004). The tumour cystatin C level correlated inversely with pN-stage (P ¼ 0.047), whereas a trend of lower cystatin C levels was observed in the group with extranodal tumour extension compared to those with no extranodal spread (P ¼ 0.069). In univariate analysis, the patients with low tumour cystatin C levels exhibited poor disease-free survival (DFS, P ¼ 0.013) and disease-specific survival (DSS, P ¼ 0.013). In multivariate analysis, the most powerful predictor of survival was pN-stage (DFS: P ¼ 0.040, HR 2.78; DSS: P ¼ 0.011, HR 4.36,), followed by the cystatin C level (DFS: P ¼ 0.043, HR 0.22; DSS: P ¼ 0.067, HR 0.25). When comparing the prognostic strength of cystatin C to that of stefin A, another cysteine proteinase inhibitor, which emerged as the most significant prognosticator for survival in our previous study analysing the same cohort of patients, stefin A proved to be significantly more reliable predictor for both DFS and DSS than cystatin C. Our results indicate that cystatin C is implicated in the invasive behavior of SCCHN, and that there are variations in regulation of proteolytic pathways under nonmalignant conditions, inherent to individual subsites inside the upper aerodigestive tract. The correlation between high cystatin C levels and improved survival concurs with the concept of the protective role of high levels of cysteine proteinase inhibitors in tissue homogenates that has been previously suggested by the survival results in breast and lung carcinoma as well as SCCHN.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: relation to prognosis

et al. 2004

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“…In children, the use of creatinine to assess kidney function is further complicated by changing muscle mass, which influences the circulating creatinine concentration (3) as children grow. Serum cystatin C, a product of an endogenous "housekeeping" gene thought to be produced at a constant rate, is a novel marker of kidney function that has been suggested to be able to overcome some of the age and body size limitations of serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function (4,5). Cystatin C has been proposed by several groups and a recent meta-analysis to be a more sensitive and specific marker of kidney function in both children and adults (6 -9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the existing literature, proposed ranges for the serum concentration of cystatin C in pediatric populations are inconsistent, with several small, single-institution, hospital-or clinic-based studies reporting reference ranges that have varied widely between 0.58 and 1.38 mg/dl (10 -13). In addition, reported cystatin C ranges are affected by use of different cystatin C assays (4). These are important limitations to the use of cystatin C in routine assessment of kidney function.…”

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confidence: 99%

Age, Gender, and Race Effects on Cystatin C Levels in US Adolescents

Groesbeck¹,

Köttgen²,

Parekh³

et al. 2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

121

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Background and objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the normal range of serum cystatin C and identify factors associated with variability in serum cystatin C contrasting with factors that are known to influence creatinine levels in the general US adolescent population.Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Serum cystatin C and creatinine were measured in 719 participants aged 12 to 19 yr in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national cross-sectional survey conducted in 1988 through 1994. We calculated gender-and race/ethnicity-specific cystatin C and creatinine ranges and conducted multivariable linear regression analyses to assess factors that contribute to variability in cystatin C and creatinine levels.Results: Overall, the mean serum cystatin C level was 0.84 mg/L and was higher in male than female individuals and higher in non-Hispanic white versus non-Hispanic black and Mexican American individuals. The mean serum creatinine was 0.71 mg/dl and was higher in male than in female individuals but lower in non-Hispanic white and Mexican American compared with non-Hispanic black individuals. Unlike creatinine, which increases with age from 12 to 19 yr, cystatin C levels decrease, particularly in female individuals. After adjustment for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen were significantly associated with cystatin C levels.Conclusions: Serum cystatin C is significantly related to gender, age, race/ethnicity, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen in adolescents.

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Blood Lead Level and Kidney Function in US Adolescents

Fadrowski¹

2010

Arch Intern Med

123

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Background Chronic, high-level lead exposure is a known risk factor for kidney disease. The effect of current low-level environmental lead exposure is less well known, particularly among children, a population generally free from kidney disease risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the association between lead exposure and kidney function in a representative sample of US adolescents. Methods Participants included 769 adolescents aged 12 to 20 years for whom whole blood lead and serum cystatin C were measured in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988–1994. The association between blood lead level and level of kidney function (glomerular filtration rate [GFR]), determined by cystatin C–based and creatinine-based estimating equations, was examined. Results Median whole blood lead level was 1.5 μg/dL (to convert to micromoles per liter, multiply by 0.0483), and median cystatin C–estimated GFR was 112.9 mL/min/1.73 m2. Participants with lead levels in the highest quartile (≥3.0 μg/dL) had 6.6 mL/min/1.73 m2–lower estimated GFR (95% confidence interval, −0.7 to −12.6 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared with those in the first quartile (<1 μg/dL). A doubling of blood lead level was associated with a 2.9 mL/min/1.73 m2–lower estimated GFR (95% confidence interval, −0.7 to −5.0 mL/min/1.73 m2). Lead levels were also associated with lower creatinine-based estimated GFR levels, but the association was weaker than with cystatin C–based GFR and not statistically significant. Conclusions Higher blood lead levels in a range below the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–designated level of concern (10 μg/dL) were associated with lower estimated GFRs in a representative sample of US adolescents. This finding contributes to the increasing epidemiologic evidence indicating an adverse effect of low-level environmental lead exposure.

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Cystatin C

Cited by 220 publications

References 53 publications

Cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: relation to prognosis

Cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin C in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: relation to prognosis

Age, Gender, and Race Effects on Cystatin C Levels in US Adolescents

Blood Lead Level and Kidney Function in US Adolescents

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