Cyr61 and CTGF are molecular markers of bladder wall remodeling after outlet obstruction

Abstract

Cysteine-rich protein (Cyr61) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) are key immediate early growth factors with functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Studies were performed to assess the gene expression profile of Cyr61 and CTGF in rat urinary bladder during growth in response to partial outlet obstruction. The mRNA levels of Cyr61 as determined by ribonuclease protection assay increased sharply after 1 day and remained elevated throughout the time period of the obstruction. This correlates well with increased bladder weight. The CTGF mRNA levels seemed to peak within the second week of the urethral obstruction and correlate well with increased type I collagen mRNA. The expression pattern of either Cyr61 or CTGF proteins corroborated that of their respective mRNAs. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that immunoreactivity of Cyr61 was confined to detrusor smooth muscle and that of CTGF was detected within both detrusor muscle and lamina propria layers. These data strongly indicate the involvement of Cyr61 and CTGF in bladder wall remodeling as a result of the outlet obstruction.

Hippo signaling disruption and Akt stimulation of ovarian follicles for infertility treatment

“…Also, CCN1/ CYR61 was induced in proximal straight tubules following ischemic reperfusion injury of the kidney (35). In the obstructed bladder, expression of CCN2/CTGF and CCN1/CYR61 were also induced (36). Disruption of Hippo signaling following actin polymerization likely represents a general mechanism in regulating tissue damage and remodeling, linking mechanical alterations of structural components to intracellular signaling.…”

Stretch-inducible Expression of the Angiogenic Factor CCN1 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Mediated by Egr-1

“…CCN1 was first linked to augmented mechanical stretch by the observation that its expression is up-regulated under pathophysiological conditions (e.g. after balloon angioplasty or outlet obstructed bladders (7,8,21).…”

Expressions of cysteine-rich61, connective tissue growth factor and Nov genes in hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical significance

“…They may involve matrix degradation, cell motility, angiogenesis, etc. CCN proteins could regulate biological processes such as angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, tumorigenesis, fibrotic and vascular diseases [4][5][6]40] . Numerous in vitro studies indicated that Cyr61 protein was related to angiogenesis [41] .…”