Cyptochrome 2d6 polymorphism and tramadol use in schools in Benin

Abstract

The use of tramadol by adolescents and young adults in schools is a public health issue. The objectives of this study was to identify students who use tramadol and to investigate the cytochrome CYP2D6 profiles of students at to investigate the potential risks that could be yielded from the usage of tramadol. To achieve this, 453 students participated in the study; R diversity 3.6.1 software in the RStudio environment was used to identify students experimenting with tramadol by calculating a score according to the ASSIST V3.0 tool. The CYP2D6 duplication allele and deletion allele were tested by PCR on DNA extracts from peripheral blood collected from these individuals. Sixty-seven students were found to be using tramadol and of these, 25 students or 37.31% required brief intervention for medical care. Similarly 85.43% of the subjects expressed the CYP2D6 gene. Of these, 7.28% had the duplication allele (CYP2D6dup) and 1.32% the deleted allele (CYP2D6*5). In addition, all subjects at moderate risk due to tramadol use expressed the CYP2D6 gene; the duplication allele (CYP2D6dup) was found in both types of subjects in the proportions of 4% (at risk) and 7.47% (not at risk) respectively. The genetic polymorphism of cytochromes P450 2D6 does not influence tramadol usage by these subjects.