Cypriot and Greek Army Military Boot Cushioning: Ground Reaction Forces and Subjective Responses

Paisis, P; Hanley, Brian; Havenetidis, Konstantinos; Bissas, Athanassios

doi:10.7205/milmed-d-12-00432

Cited by 19 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Comparing intake measurements (before gait retraining) to the literature, our results confirmed the findings by Paisis et al that stride length, cadence, and maximal vertical ground reaction forces do not differ significantly when running at 10 km/h between running shoes and military boots . In their studies, using the same treadmill, participants were running at a 5% incline; in the current study, 1% incline was used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Among other factors, military boots differ from running shoes in design (shaft), weight (heavier), and sole flexibility (stiffer) . In studies comparing running in shoes versus running in military boots at 10 km/h on a treadmill, conflicting results were presented; one research group found no significant differences in stride length, cadence, and maximal vertical ground reaction forces, but in one other study running at 14.4 km/h in army boots was associated with significantly greater loading impact compared with cross‐trainer and running type shoes . The goal of conservative treatment of ERLP in military patients is to help them return to military duties, including running in boots, without re‐injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gait retraining reduces vertical ground reaction forces in running shoes and military boots

et al. 2018

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Gait retraining can lead to persistent changes in vertical ground reaction forces while running in shoes. No studies describe gait retraining in military boots. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the difference between running in sports shoes and boots, before and after gait retraining, for selected biomechanical parameters, in service members with chronic exercise-related leg pain. Measurements of interest were stride length, cadence, maximal force (N), and maximal pressure (N/ cm 2 ) in three sections of the foot. Forty-one cases were analyzed. At intake, maximal force at the heel and maximal pressure in all sections of the foot were greater in boots. The median duration of the outpatient treatment program was 143 days (IQR 95), containing five gait retraining sessions (range 4-6), with four gait retraining cues repeated in all training sessions. These cues produced reduction in stride length, increase in cadence, reduction in force, and pressure in the heel, and force reduction and pressure increase in the forefoot. However, in boots maximal force and pressure in the mid foot increased. We concluded that the same gait retraining cues can be used to optimize ground reaction forces in running shoes and in military boots.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait retraining reduces vertical ground reaction forces in running shoes and military boots

et al. 2018

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“…Participants were recreational runners who trained at least threeD 3 1 times per week and had a minimum of three years of running experience. The sample size was selected on the basis of previous work investigating the mechanics of running in military footwear (Nunns et al, 2012;Paisis et al, 2013;Sinclair, Hobbs, Taylor, Currigan, & GreenhalghD 3 2 , 2014). All participants were right-D 3 3 foot dominant and considered to exhibit a rearfoot strike pattern as they demonstrated a clear first peak in their vertical ground reaction force time-curve (Cavanagh & Lafortune, 1980).…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of new military footwear on knee loading during running

2015

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Military recruits are known to be susceptible to chronic injuries. The knee is the most common injury site and patellofemoral pain has been demonstrated as the leading mechanism for medical military discharge. Military boots have been cited as a key mechanism responsible for the high incidence of chronic injuries. The British Army hasD 1 therefore introduced two new footwears À a cross-trainer and D 2 running shoe to reduce the incidence of chronic injuries. The aim of thisD 3 study was to compare knee joint kinetics of the cross-D 4 trainer and running shoe in relation to conventional military boots. Twelve male participants ran at 4.0 mD 5 s ¡1 in each footwear condition. Knee joint kinetics D 6 was obtained and contrasted using repeated-measures ANOVAs Q3. The results showed that patellofemoral load was significantly greater in the military boots. However, peak knee abduction moment was significantly greater in the running shoes. On the basis of the findings from thisD 7 study, it is recommended that recruits who are susceptible to injuries mediated through excessive knee loads select the cross-trainer for their running activities.

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“…Military boots have frequently been implicated as a potential mechanism behind the high incidence of injuries among military recruits 10. Poor shock absorption characteristics have been identified in military boots when compared with running shoes 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of running shoes and cross-trainers on Achilles tendon forces during running compared with military boots

2014

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Military recruits are known to be susceptible to Achilles tendon pathology. The British Army have introduced footwear models, the PT-03 (cross-trainer) and PT1000 (running shoes), in an attempt to reduce the incidence of injuries. The aim of the current investigation was to examine the Achilles tendon forces of the cross-trainer and running shoe in relation to conventional army boots. Ten male participants ran at 4.0 m/s in each footwear condition. Achilles tendon forces were obtained throughout the stance phase of running and compared using repeated-measures ANOVAs. The results showed that the time to peak Achilles tendon force was significantly shorter when running in conventional army boots (0.12 s) in comparison with the cross-trainer (0.13 s) and running shoe (0.13 s). Achilles tendon loading rate was shown to be significantly greater in conventional army boots (38.73 BW/s) in comparison with the cross-trainer (35.14 BW/s) and running shoe (33.57 BW/s). The results of this study suggest that the running shoes and cross-trainer footwear are associated with reductions in Achilles tendon parameters that have been linked to the aetiology of injury, and thus it can be hypothesised that these footwear could be beneficial for military recruits undertaking running exercises.

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Cypriot and Greek Army Military Boot Cushioning: Ground Reaction Forces and Subjective Responses

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Gait retraining reduces vertical ground reaction forces in running shoes and military boots

Gait retraining reduces vertical ground reaction forces in running shoes and military boots

Effects of new military footwear on knee loading during running

Influence of running shoes and cross-trainers on Achilles tendon forces during running compared with military boots

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