Cyprinid herpesvirus 3: an interesting virus for applied and fundamental research

Rakus, Krzysztof; Ouyang, Ping; Boutier, Maxime; Ronsmans, Maygane; Reschner, Anca; Vancsok, Catherine; Jazowiecka-Rakus, Joanna; Vanderplasschen, Alain

doi:10.1186/1297-9716-44-85

Cited by 81 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…For this reason, CyHV-3 became the focus of surveillance programmes globally. Unfortunately, delayed disease control measures could not prevent the global distribution of this disease, and now CyHV-3 is considered to be the major viral pathogen in carp and seriously challenges the trade of ornamental koi and carp production worldwide (Haenen & Hedrick 2006, Rakus et al 2013.…”

Section: Open Pen Access Ccessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was evident in infections with cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV). CyHV-3 is a highly contagious pathogen which infects common carp Cyprinus carpio as well as koi, its ornamental varieties, and can result in up to 100% mortality in affected populations (Rakus et al 2013). Infections first observed in koi (Hedrick et al 2000) ABSTRACT: Carp edema virus (CEV), the causative agent of 'koi sleepy disease' (KSD), appears to be spreading worldwide and to be responsible for losses in koi, ornamental varieties of the common carp Cyprinus carpio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration of carp edema virus (CEV) DNA in koi tissues affected by koi sleepy disease (KSD)

Adamek

Jung‐Schroers²,

Hellmann³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Section: Open Pen Access Ccessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of carp edema virus (CEV) DNA in koi tissues affected by koi sleepy disease (KSD)

Adamek

Jung‐Schroers²,

Hellmann³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…This assay detected 1−5 copies of virusspecific DNA sequences in the sampled tissue and remained negative when tissues from non-infected individuals or individuals infected with CyHV-1 or CyHV-2 were tested . Using this assay, CyHV-3 DNA could be detected in tissues from all individuals during an acute outbreak of KHVD (Rakus et al 2013) and in tissues of 1 out of 10 to 10 out of 10 carp collected from latently infected carp populations .…”

Section: Quantitative Real-time Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the late 1990s, populations of common carp have suffered from a serious disease caused by cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3, also known as koi herpesvirus, KHV). Fish affected by this viral disease develop clinical signs including gill necrosis, skin lesions, exophthalmos or enophthalmos and apathy (Haenen et al 2004, Rakus et al 2013, and the mortality rate may reach up to 90% in aquaculture populations of carp (G. Füllner pers. obs.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draining and liming of ponds as an effective measure for containment of CyHV-3 in carp farms

Flamm¹,

Fabian²,

Runge³

et al. 2016

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Infections of common carp Cyprinus carpio and koi, its coloured morphotypes, with the cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) can induce severe clinical signs and increased mortality in affected stocks. This may significantly challenge the economic basis of carp farming in Central Europe. To limit virus spread in carp farms, effective disinfection measures for ponds stocked with infected populations are required. In the traditional European pond aquaculture of carp, draining and liming of ponds with quicklime (CaO) up to pH 12 is a well-established disinfection measure against various pathogens. The present field study investigated whether these measures are sufficient for the inactivation of CyHV-3 infectivity in carp ponds. After draining and liming, the ponds were stocked with carp fry from a CyHV-3-negative stock, and 2 ponds were examined for the presence of CyHV-3-specific DNA sequences during the growth period of the carp and in the harvested stock. Wild fish (from the ponds, and feeder and drainage canals) and water samples (from the ponds) were also examined for CyHV-3-specific DNA sequences; and naïve carp were cohabited with wild fish, or exposed to the pondwater samples, to test for the presence of infectious virus. All examined samples remained negative for CyHV-3 throughout the study. This indicates that draining and liming with quicklime can be a suitable disinfection measure for ponds after a CyHV-3 outbreak in carp aquaculture.

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“…doi: 10.17221/8879-VETMED Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is a causative agent of a highly contagious and notifiable disease (Rakus et al 2013). This disease was initially reported in 1998 in Israel and USA, where the outbreaks resulted in high mortality of koi and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Pokorova et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and hybrids between sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and beluga (Huso huso) to cyprinid herpesvirus 3

Pospichal¹,

Piačková²,

Pokorová³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 also known as koi herpesvirus is a causative agent of highly contagious disease (koi herpesvirus disease) and can cause significant losses in fish stocks. The disease is restricted to koi and common carp, but recent investigations have shown that other cyprinids as well as non-cyprinid species are asymptomatically susceptible to this virus and can play either a role as a potential carrier or can contribute to biological conservation of this virus. The susceptibility of two non-target species, stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and sterbel -a hybrid between sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and beluga (Huso huso) to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 was tested by means of their co-habitation together with naïve koi and intraperitoneally KHV-infected koi (primary challenge). On the 15 th day post-infection (dpi), a secondary challenge was started (a portion of the surviving stone loach and sterbel were transferred to tanks with other naïve koi). All dead as well as surviving fish were investigated for the presence of KHV DNA in pooled samples of tissue from individual fish by nested PCR. Sampling for PCR from surviving fish was performed on the 15 th dpi and on the 30 th dpi of the primary challenge, and on the 30 th dpi of the secondary challenge. During the primary challenge (up to the 30 th dpi), average cumulative mortality in duplicated experimental groups was as follows: koi 100%, sterbel and stone loach both 5%. In the primary challenge, no surviving stone loach or sterbel sampled on the 15 th dpi or those that died previously were found to be positive for viral DNA. Results of PCR revealed the presence of KHV DNA in 95% of co-habited naïve koi samples. PCR analysis of tissues taken from surviving fish on the 30 th dpi revealed the presence of viral DNA in 77.8% (7/9) of stone loach and in 22.2% (2/9) of sterbel. Cumulative mortality of fish in the secondary challenge was 100% for stone loach and for koi co-habitating with them, and 50% for koi co-habitating with sterbel, which all survived. Despite the high mortality of koi and stone loach in the secondary challenge (probably caused by malfunction of biofilters or bacterial infection), none of them, nor any of the sturgeon hybrids were considered to be positive for KHV DNA. In summary, the hybrid between sterlet and beluga and the stone loach seemed to be susceptible to cyprinid herpesvirus 3, but we could not prove that they can transfer this virus to naïve koi.Keywords: CyHV-3; KHV; transmission; cohabitation List of abbreviationsCyHV-3 = cyprinid herpesvirus 3, CEFAS = Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, dpi = days post infection, KHV = koi herpesvirus, PCR = polymerase chain reaction

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Cyprinid herpesvirus 3: an interesting virus for applied and fundamental research

Cited by 81 publications

References 84 publications

Concentration of carp edema virus (CEV) DNA in koi tissues affected by koi sleepy disease (KSD)

Concentration of carp edema virus (CEV) DNA in koi tissues affected by koi sleepy disease (KSD)

Draining and liming of ponds as an effective measure for containment of CyHV-3 in carp farms

Susceptibility of stone loach (Barbatula barbatula) and hybrids between sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and beluga (Huso huso) to cyprinid herpesvirus 3

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